tkinter - 如何让框架和小部件填充窗口？

Question

我的程序中的两个框架 ViewSubjects 和 AddSubjects 都包含不会拉伸以填充屏幕的框架和小部件。他们为什么要这样做，我将如何解决它？

ViewSubjects Frame

AddSubjects Frame

这是我的代码：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter.scrolledtext as tks

class Program(tk.Tk):        
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        tk.Tk.iconbitmap(self, default = "")
        tk.Tk.wm_title(self, "")

        container = tk.Frame(self)
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.frames = {}
        for F in (SubjectHome, ViewSubject, AddSubject):

            frame = F(container, self)
            self.frames[F] = frame
            frame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = "nsew")

        self.show_frame(SubjectHome)



    def show_frame(self,cont):
        frame = self.frames[cont]
        frame.tkraise()


class SubjectHome(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):

        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)

        ttk.Style().configure("TButton", padding=6, relief="flat", background="#ccc")

        name = tk.Label(self, text = "User: FirstName + LastName")
        name.pack(anchor="ne")

        pagename = tk.Label(self, text = "Subject Menu")
        pagename.pack(anchor="n")

        self.innerFrame = tk.Frame(self, bg="red")
        self.innerFrame.place(relx=.5, rely=.5, anchor="c")        


        view = ttk.Button(self.innerFrame, text = "View Subjects", command = lambda: controller.show_frame(ViewSubject))
        view.grid(row=0, sticky="W"+"E")

        add = ttk.Button(self.innerFrame, text = "Add Subjects", command = lambda: controller.show_frame(AddSubject))
        add.grid(row=1, sticky="W"+"E")


class ViewSubject(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):

        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)

        innerFrame = tk.Frame(self)
        innerFrame.place(relx=.5, rely=.5, anchor="c")

        firstFrame = tk.Frame(innerFrame)
        firstFrame.grid(row=0, sticky="WE")

        secondFrame = tk.Frame(innerFrame)
        secondFrame.grid(row=1, sticky="WE")

        self.text = tks.ScrolledText(firstFrame)
        self.text.grid(rowspan=3, columnspan=3 ,sticky="E")

        scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(secondFrame, orient="vertical")
        lb = tk.Listbox(secondFrame, yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
        scrollbar.config(command=lb.yview)

        scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")
        lb.pack(side="left",fill="both", expand=True)

        for x in range(15):
            lb.insert("end", x)

        back = ttk.Button(innerFrame, text = "Back", command = lambda: controller.show_frame(SubjectHome))
        back.grid(row=2, sticky="W")

        next = ttk.Button(innerFrame, text = "Next")
        next.grid(row=2, sticky="E")

class AddSubject(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):

        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)

        name = tk.Label(self, text = "User: FirstName + LastName")
        name.pack(anchor="ne")

        pagename = tk.Label(self, text = "Add Subjects")
        pagename.pack(anchor="n")

        self.innerFrame = tk.Frame(self)
        self.innerFrame.place(relx=.5, rely=.5, anchor="c")

        canvas = tk.Canvas(self.innerFrame)

        self.firstFrame = tk.Frame(canvas)
        self.firstFrame.pack(anchor="n")

        info = tk.Label(self.innerFrame, text = "Information...\n Information....")
        info.pack()

        for x in range(5):
            pagename = tk.Label(self.firstFrame, text = "Unit Name")
            pagename.grid(row=0, column=x)
            self.text = tks.ScrolledText(self.firstFrame, width=50)
            self.text.grid(row=1, column=x ,sticky="E")

        scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(self.innerFrame, orient="horizontal", command=canvas.xview)
        canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
        scrollbar.pack(side="bottom", fill="x")
        canvas.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True) 

        back = ttk.Button(self.innerFrame, text = "Back", command = lambda: controller.show_frame(SubjectHome))
        back.pack(anchor="sw")

        next = ttk.Button(self.innerFrame, text = "Next")
        next.pack(anchor="se")


app = Program()
app.state('zoomed')
app.mainloop()

Answer 1

您的大多数问题归结为三个常见错误：

首先，您使用的是place，默认情况下place 不会使窗口变大或变小。它假定您创建的小部件与您希望它们的大小完全相同。您需要明确告诉 tkinter 您希望它如何处理额外空间。

在您的情况下，您可能希望使用relwidth 和relheight 选项将内部框架的相对宽度和相对高度设置为1.0（即：包含窗口的宽度和高度的100%）。这将强制内部框架始终与其父框架一样高和宽。

self.innerFrame.place(..., relwidth=1.0, relheight=1.0)

其次，您在内部框架中使用grid，但您没有给任何行或列赋予权重。权重告诉 tkinter 如何分配额外的空间。默认情况下，多余的空间未被使用。由于您希望您的小部件填充额外的空间，因此您需要为至少一行和一列赋予正权重。

第三，你试图一次解决太多问题。我的建议是删除除一帧之外的所有小部件。让它按照你想要的方式填充、增长和缩小。然后，添加它的直接子代并照此操作。然后，添加任何孙子，并一次继续添加一组小部件，直到您对该框架感到满意为止。只有这样你才能继续前进并修复另一个框架。

protip：在开发过程中为每一帧赋予独特的颜色。这样可以很容易地看到哪些帧正在增长或缩小，哪些没有。