Django 教程 - 测试投票(request, question_id)

Question

我正在学习 django 教程，并达到了第 5 部分 - 介绍自动化测试。 我想超越并在views.py中为投票方法编写测试，但无法实现如何模拟一个选择接受投票的行为。有没有办法做到这一点？

models.py：

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

    def was_published_recently(self):
        now = timezone.now()
        return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text

views.py

def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        # Redisplay the question voting form.
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
            'question': question,
            'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,)))

我在 tests.py 中尝试了多种东西。这是最新版本 - 我知道目前的choice_vote 不是我想要的，仍然需要过滤：

class QuestionVoteTests(TestCase):
    def test_vote(self):
        """
        Placeholder for vote method test.
        """
        question = create_question(question_text="Question.", days=-5)
        self.client.post(
            reverse('polls:vote', args=(question.id,))
            )
        vote(self.client, question.id)
        choice_vote = Choice.objects.filter(question_id=question.id).values()
        print(choice_vote)
        #self.assertEqual(choice_vote, 1)
        return 0

我查看了有关如何测试多项选择的答案，但它只让我走到了这一步。 谢谢！

后期编辑： 我使用 manage.py 命令运行测试。结果如下：

======================================================================
ERROR: test_vote (polls.tests.QuestionVoteTests)
Placeholder for vote method test.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/gabo/django_projects/mysite/polls/tests.py", line 239, in test_vote
    vote(self.client, question.id)
  File "/home/gabo/django_projects/mysite/polls/views.py", line 52, in vote
    selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
AttributeError: 'Client' object has no attribute 'POST'

还应该从模板中发布这部分 - detail.html

<form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <fieldset>
            <legend><h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1></legend>
            {% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}
            {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
                <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}"
                value="{{ choice.id }}">
                <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label>
        <br>
            {% endfor %}
        </fieldset>
        <input type="submit" value="Vote">
        </form>

当我在 tests.py 中注释掉 vote(self.client, question.id) 时，响应如下：

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
.................<QuerySet [{'id': 1, 'question_id': 1, 'choice_text': 'choice 1', 'votes': 0}, {'id': 2, 'question_id': 1, 'choice_text': 'choice 2', 'votes': 0}]>
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 18 tests in 0.213s

Answer 1

查看上面的测试代码，对于所采用的方法存在一些问题和疑问。在下面的代码旁边添加它们

def test_vote(self):
        """
        Placeholder for vote method test.
        """
        question = create_question(question_text="Question.", days=-5)
        self.client.post(
            reverse('polls:vote', args=(question.id,))
            )
        vote(self.client, question.id)  # Why is the vote call made here?
        choice_vote = Choice.objects.filter(question_id=question.id).values()
        print(choice_vote)  # What is the value of choice vote here? 
        #self.assertEqual(choice_vote, 1)
        return 0. # Do not return from test

除此之外，您在运行单元测试时在日志中看到了什么？您是使用 pytest 运行测试还是使用 Django 的 manage.py test 命令？