我如何/在哪里使用 PIVOT？

Question

我有一个数据表，其中显示单个数据的多行。在下面的示例中，我有一个名为“Location Type”的列，其中显示“BH”和“TPI”。 BH 和 TPI 各有一个特定的位置，显示在“位置”列中。我想要两个新列来显示该行的位置数据，而不是为 BH 和 TPI 设置一个新行。我在下面包含了几行数据。我怀疑我需要在这里使用 PIVOT，但我一直很难弄清楚 PIVOT 需要进入的位置。有人可以提供一些指导或向我展示解决方案吗？

这是来自查询的数据示例。

API14	First Prod Date	Location Type	Location
43013540070000	2/8/2021	BH	Township 3S Range 4W Section 17 DUCHESNE County
43013540070000	2/8/2021	TPI	Township 3S Range 4W Section 18 DUCHESNE County

这是我希望看到的格式：

API14	First Prod Date	BH Location	TPI Location
43013540070000	2/8/2021	Township 3S Range 4W Section 17 DUCHESNE County	Township 3S Range 4W Section 18 DUCHESNE County

到目前为止，这是我的代码：

DECLARE @SearchYear AS VARCHAR(4) = '2021'
DECLARE @SearchMonth AS VARCHAR(2) = '6'

SELECT
    dbo.BuildAPI14(Well.WellID, Construct.SideTrack, Construct.Completion) AS 'API14',
    CAST(ConstructDate.EventDate AS DATE) AS 'First Prod Date',
    Loc.LocType AS 'Location Type',
    CONCAT('Township ',LocExt.Township,LocExt.TownshipDir,' ','Range ',LocExt.Range,LocExt.RangeDir,' Section ',LocExt.Sec,' ',RefCounty.CountyName,' County') AS 'Location',
    tblAPDTracker.SpacingRule AS 'Spacing Rule',
    Lease.Number AS 'Entity Number',
    WellHistory.WHComments AS 'Well History Comments'
FROM Well
    LEFT JOIN Construct ON Construct.WellKey = Well.PKey
    LEFT JOIN ConstructReservoir ON ConstructReservoir.ConstructKey = Construct.PKey
    LEFT JOIN Lease ON Lease.Pkey = ConstructReservoir.LeaseKey
    LEFT JOIN WellHistory ON WellHistory.WellKey = Construct.WellKey
    LEFT JOIN tblAPDTracker ON LEFT(tblAPDTracker.APINO,10) = Well.WellID
    LEFT JOIN Loc ON loc.ConstructKey = Construct.PKey AND Loc.LocType IN ('BH','TPI')
    LEFT JOIN LocExt ON LocExt.LocKey = Loc.PKey
    LEFT JOIN ConstructDate ON ConstructDate.ConstructKey = Construct.PKey AND ConstructDate.Event = 'FirstProduction'
    LEFT JOIN RefCounty ON RefCounty.PKey = LocExt.County
WHERE
    WorkType = 'ENTITY' AND
    WellHistory.ModifyUser = 'UTAH\rachelmedina' AND
    YEAR(WellHistory.ModifyDate) = @SearchYear AND
    MONTH(WellHistory.ModifyDate) = @SearchMonth
GROUP BY
    Well.WellID,
    Construct.SideTrack,
    Construct.Completion,
    ConstructDate.EventDate,
    Loc.LocType,
    LocExt.Township,
    LocExt.TownshipDir,
    LocExt.Range,
    LocExt.RangeDir,
    LocExt.Sec,
    RefCounty.CountyName,
    tblAPDTracker.SpacingRule,
    Lease.Number,
    WellHistory.WHComments,
    WellHistory.ModifyDate
ORDER BY
    Well.WellId,
    WellHistory.ModifyDate DESC

Answer 1

Select *
from
(
SELECT
    dbo.BuildAPI14(Well.WellID, Construct.SideTrack, Construct.Completion) AS 'API14',
    CAST(ConstructDate.EventDate AS DATE) AS 'First Prod Date',
    Loc.LocType AS 'Location Type',
    CONCAT('Township ',LocExt.Township,LocExt.TownshipDir,' ','Range ',LocExt.Range,LocExt.RangeDir,' Section ',LocExt.Sec,' ',RefCounty.CountyName,' County') AS 'Location' --,
--    tblAPDTracker.SpacingRule AS 'Spacing Rule',
--    Lease.Number AS 'Entity Number',
--    WellHistory.WHComments AS 'Well History Comments'
FROM Well
    LEFT JOIN Construct ON Construct.WellKey = Well.PKey
    LEFT JOIN ConstructReservoir ON ConstructReservoir.ConstructKey = Construct.PKey
    LEFT JOIN Lease ON Lease.Pkey = ConstructReservoir.LeaseKey
    LEFT JOIN WellHistory ON WellHistory.WellKey = Construct.WellKey
    LEFT JOIN tblAPDTracker ON LEFT(tblAPDTracker.APINO,10) = Well.WellID
    LEFT JOIN Loc ON loc.ConstructKey = Construct.PKey AND Loc.LocType IN ('BH','TPI')
    LEFT JOIN LocExt ON LocExt.LocKey = Loc.PKey
    LEFT JOIN ConstructDate ON ConstructDate.ConstructKey = Construct.PKey AND ConstructDate.Event = 'FirstProduction'
    LEFT JOIN RefCounty ON RefCounty.PKey = LocExt.County
WHERE
    WorkType = 'ENTITY' AND
    WellHistory.ModifyUser = 'UTAH\rachelmedina' AND
    YEAR(WellHistory.ModifyDate) = @SearchYear AND
    MONTH(WellHistory.ModifyDate) = @SearchMonth
GROUP BY
    Well.WellID,
    Construct.SideTrack,
    Construct.Completion,
    ConstructDate.EventDate,
    Loc.LocType,
    LocExt.Township,
    LocExt.TownshipDir,
    LocExt.Range,
    LocExt.RangeDir,
    LocExt.Sec,
    RefCounty.CountyName,
    tblAPDTracker.SpacingRule,
    Lease.Number,
    WellHistory.WHComments,
    WellHistory.ModifyDate
    ) p
pivot (min(p.Location) for [Location Type] in ([TPI], [BH])) pvt

透视列中的值需要一个聚合运算符（sum、avg、min、max 等），所以选择一个像 min 或 max 这样的值，它不会尝试对字符串做任何事情，但如果你有它会做一些事情透视列中多次出现（此处的位置）。

我还注释掉了未出现在您的示例结果中的所选列，这可能会影响需要出现在 GROUP BY 子句中的内容。

Answer 2

pivot 的另一种选择是使用不同的别名重新连接表，以区分“BH”和“TPI”实例。我还简化了较长的表名，用短别名“w”表示 Well，“wh”表示 wellhouse，等等。

此外，通过查看 A -> B -> C -> D 表的层次结构有助于识别相关组件的位置。然后我将它们复制到下方的位置。

由于查询分别同时连接到 BH 和 TPI，因此我将位置类型删除为列和分组依据。

DECLARE @SearchYear AS VARCHAR(4) = '2021'
DECLARE @SearchMonth AS VARCHAR(2) = '6'

SELECT
        dbo.BuildAPI14(w.WellID, c.SideTrack, c.Completion) API14,
        CAST(cd.EventDate AS DATE) 'First Prod Date',
        CONCAT('Township ', LocExtBH.Township, LocExtBH.TownshipDir,
                ' ','Range ', LocExtBH.Range, LocExtBH.RangeDir,
                ' Section ', LocExtBH.Sec,
                ' ', rcBH.CountyName, ' County') 'BH Location',

        CONCAT('Township ', LocExtTPI.Township, LocExtTPI.TownshipDir,
                ' ','Range ', LocExtTPI.Range, LocExtTPI.RangeDir,
                ' Section ', LocExtTPI.Sec,
                ' ', rcTPI.CountyName, ' County') 'TPI Location',

        ADP.SpacingRule 'Spacing Rule',
        l.Number  'Entity Number',
        wh.WHComments 'Well History Comments'
    FROM 
        Well w
            LEFT JOIN tblAPDTracker ADP
                ON w.WellID = LEFT(trk.APINO,10)
            LEFT JOIN Construct c
                ON w.PKey = c.WellKey
                LEFT JOIN ConstructReservoir cr
                    ON c.PKey = cr.ConstructKey
                    LEFT JOIN Lease l
                        ON cr.LeaseKey = l.Pkey
                LEFT JOIN WellHistory wh
                    ON c.WellKey = wh.WellKey
                LEFT JOIN ConstructDate cd
                    ON c.PKey = cd.ConstructKey 
                    AND cd.Event = 'FirstProduction'

                LEFT JOIN Loc LocBH
                    ON c.PKey = locBH.ConstructKey 
                    AND LocBH.LocType = 'BH'
                    LEFT JOIN LocExt LocExtBH
                        ON LocBH.PKey = LocExtBH.LocKey
                        LEFT JOIN RefCounty rcBH
                            ON LocExtBH.County = rcBH.PKey 

                LEFT JOIN Loc LocTPI
                    ON c.PKey = LocTPI.ConstructKey 
                    AND LocTPI.LocType = 'TPI'
                    LEFT JOIN LocExt LocExtTPI
                        ON LocTPI.PKey = LocExtTPI.LocKey
                        LEFT JOIN RefCounty rcTPI
                            ON LocExtTPI.County = rcTPI.PKey 
    WHERE
            w.WorkType = 'ENTITY' 
        AND wh.ModifyUser = 'UTAH\rachelmedina' 
        AND YEAR(wh.ModifyDate) = @SearchYear 
        AND MONTH(wh.ModifyDate) = @SearchMonth
    GROUP BY
        w.WellID,
        c.SideTrack,
        c.Completion,
        cd.EventDate,
        LocExtBH.Township,
        LocExtBH.TownshipDir,
        LocExtBH.Range,
        LocExtBH.RangeDir,
        LocExtBH.Sec,
        rcBH.CountyName,
        ADP.SpacingRule,
        l.Number,
        wh.WHComments,
        wh.ModifyDate
    ORDER BY
        w.WellId,
        wh.ModifyDate DESC