激发 NLTK 词性标注器报告复数专有名词

Question

让我们在 nltk 包中试用 Python 著名的词性标注器。

import nltk
# You might also need to run nltk.download('maxent_treebank_pos_tagger') 
#  even after installing nltk

string = 'Buddy Billy went to the moon and came Back with several Vikings.'
nltk.pos_tag(nltk.word_tokenize(string))

这给了我

[('Buddy', 'NNP'), ('Billy', 'NNP'), ('went', 'VBD'), ('to', 'TO'), ('the', 'DT'), ('moon', 'NN'), ('and', 'CC'), ('came', 'VBD'), ('Back', 'NNP'), ('with', 'IN'), ('several', 'JJ'), ('Vikings', 'NNS'), ('.', '.')]

您可以解释代码here。我对“Back”被归类为专有名词（NNP）感到有些失望，尽管这种混淆是可以理解的。我更难过的是“维京人”被称为简单复数名词 (NNS) 而不是复数专有名词 (NNPS)。谁能想出一个简短的输入示例，它至少会导致一个 NNPS 标记？

Answer 1

NLTK brown 语料库中将NNPS 标记为NPS 的标签似乎存在一些问题（可能NLTK 标签集是与https://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2003/ling001/penn_treebank_pos.html 不同的更新/过时标签）

这是plural proper nouns 的示例：

>>> from nltk.corpus import brown
>>> for sent in brown.tagged_sents():
...     if any(pos for word, pos in sent if pos == 'NPS'):
...             print sent
...             break
... 
[(u'Georgia', u'NP'), (u'Republicans', u'NPS'), (u'are', u'BER'), (u'getting', u'VBG'), (u'strong', u'JJ'), (u'encouragement', u'NN'), (u'to', u'TO'), (u'enter', u'VB'), (u'a', u'AT'), (u'candidate', u'NN'), (u'in', u'IN'), (u'the', u'AT'), (u'1962', u'CD'), (u"governor's", u'NN$'), (u'race', u'NN'), (u',', u','), (u'a', u'AT'), (u'top', u'JJS'), (u'official', u'NN'), (u'said', u'VBD'), (u'Wednesday', u'NR'), (u'.', u'.')]

但如果你用nltk.pos_tag 标记，你会得到NNPS：

>>> for sent in brown.tagged_sents():
...     if any(pos for word, pos in sent if pos == 'NPS'):
...             print " ".join([word for word, pos in sent])
...             break
... 
Georgia Republicans are getting strong encouragement to enter a candidate in the 1962 governor's race , a top official said Wednesday .
>>> from nltk import pos_tag
>>> pos_tag("Georgia Republicans are getting strong encouragement to enter a candidate in the 1962 governor's race , a top official said Wednesday .".split())
[('Georgia', 'NNP'), ('Republicans', 'NNPS'), ('are', 'VBP'), ('getting', 'VBG'), ('strong', 'JJ'), ('encouragement', 'NN'), ('to', 'TO'), ('enter', 'VB'), ('a', 'DT'), ('candidate', 'NN'), ('in', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('1962', 'CD'), ("governor's", 'NNS'), ('race', 'NN'), (',', ','), ('a', 'DT'), ('top', 'JJ'), ('official', 'NN'), ('said', 'VBD'), ('Wednesday', 'NNP'), ('.', '.')]