我相信您可以使用 Firefox 浏览器，但尚未对其进行测试。我使用 chrome，所以如果您想使用 chromedriver，请检查您的浏览器版本并下载正确的版本，并将其添加到您的系统路径中。这种方法唯一的问题是它会打开一个浏览器窗口，直到页面加载（因为我们正在等待 javascript 生成匹配数据）。如果您还需要什么，请告诉我。祝你好运！
https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads
已知问题：有时在检索匹配数据时会抛出索引超出范围。这是我正在寻找的东西，因为看起来每个链接上的 xpath 有时会发生一些变化。
from selenium import webdriver
from lxml import html
from lxml.html import HtmlElement
def test():
# Here we specified the urls to for testing purpose
urls = ['https://www.mismarcadores.com/partido/noIPZ3Lj/#h2h;overall'
]
# a loop to go over all the urls
for url in urls:
# We will print the string and format it with the url we are currently checking, Also we will print the
# result of the function get_last_5(url) where url is the current url in the for loop.
print("Scores after this match {u}".format(u=url), get_last_5(url))
def get_last_5(url):
print("processing {u}, please wait...".format(u=url))
# here we get a instance of the webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
# now we pass the url we want to get
browser.get(url)
# in this variable, we will "store" the html data as a string. We get it from here because we need to wait for
# the page to load and execute their javascript code in order to generate the matches data.
innerHTML = browser.execute_script("return document.body.innerHTML")
# Now we will assign this to a variable of type HtmlElement
tree: HtmlElement = html.fromstring(innerHTML)
# the following variables: first_team,second_team,match_date and rows are obtained via xpath method(). To get the
# xpath go to chrome browser,open it and load one of the url to check the DOM. Now if you wish to check the xpath
# of each of this variables (elements in case of html), right click on the element->click inspect->the inspect
# panel will appear->the clicked element wil appear selected on the inspect panel->right click on it->Copy->Copy
# Xpath. first_team,second_team and match_date are obtained from the "title" section. Rows are obtained from the
# table of last matches in the tbody content
# When using xpath it will return a list of HtmElement because it will try to find all the elements that match our
# xpath, so that is why we use [0] (to get the first element of the list). This will give use access to a
# HtmlElement object so now we can access its text attribute.
first_team = tree.xpath('//*[@id="flashscore"]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/a')[0].text
print((type(first_team)))
second_team = tree.xpath('//*[@id="flashscore"]/div[1]/div[3]/div[2]/div/div/a')[0].text
# [0:8] is used to slice the string because in the title it contains also the time of the match ie.(10.08.2020
# 13:00) . To use it for comparing each row we need only (10.08.20), so we get from position 0, 8 characters ([0:8])
match_date = tree.xpath('//*[@id="utime"]')[0].text[0:8]
# when getting the first element with [0], we get a HtmlElement object( which is the "table" that have all matches
# data). so we want to get all the children of it, which are all the "rows(elements)" inside it. getchildren()
# will also return a list of object of type HtmlElement. In this case we are also slicing the list with [:-1]
# because the last element inside the "table" is the button "Mostar mas partidos", so we want to take that out.
rows = tree.xpath('//*[@id="tab-h2h-overall"]/div[1]/table/tbody')[0].getchildren()[:-1]
# we quit the browser since we do not need this anymore, we could do it after assigning innerHtml, but no harm
# doing it here unless you wish to close it before doing all this assignment of variables.
browser.quit()
# this match_position variable will be the position of the match we currently have in the title.
match_position = None
# Now we will iterate over the rows and find the match. range(len(rows)) is just to get the count of rows to know
# until when to stop iterating.
for i in range(len(rows)):
# now we use the is_match function with the following parameter: first_team,second team, match_date and the
# current row which is row[i]. if the function return true we found the match position and we assign (i+1) to
# the match_position variable. i+1 because we iterate from 0.
if is_match(first_team, second_team, match_date, rows[i]):
match_position = i + 1
# now we stop the for no need to go further when we find it.
break
# Since we only want the following 5 matches score, we need to check if we have 5 rows beneath our match. If
# adding 5 from the match position is less than the number of rows then we can do it, if not we will only get the
# rows beneath it(maybe 0,1,2,3 or 4 rows)
if (match_position + 5) < len(rows):
# Again we are slicing the list, in this case 2 times [match_position:] (take out all the rows before the
# match position), then from the new list obtained from that we do [:5] which is start from the 0 position
# and stop on 5 [start:stop]. we use rows=rows beacause when slicing you get a new list so you can not do
# rows[match_position:][:5] you need to assign it to a variable. I am using same variable but you can assign
# it to a new one if you wish.
rows = rows[match_position:][:5]
else:
# since we do not have enough rows, just get the rows beneath our position.
rows = rows[match_position:len(rows)]
# Now to get the list of scores we are using a list comprehension in here but I will explain it as a for loop.
# Before that, you need to know that each row(<tr> element in html) has 6 td elements inside it, the number 5 is
# the score of the match. then inside each "score element" we have a span element and then a strong element,
# something like
# <tr>
# <td></td>
# <td></td>
# <td></td>
# <td></td>
# <td><span><strong>1:2</strong></span></td>.
# <td></td>
# </tr>
# Now, That been said, since each row is a HtmlElement object , we can go in a for loop as following:
scores = []
for row in rows:
data = row.getchildren()[4].getchildren()[0].text_content()
# not the best way but we will get al the text content on the element, in this case the span element,
# if the string has more than 5 characters i.e. "1 : 2" then we will take as if it is i.e. "1 : 2(0 : 1)". So
# in this case we want to slice it from the 2nd character from right to left and get 5 characters from that
# position.
# using a ternary expression here, if the length of the string is equal to 5 then this is our score,
# if not then we have to slice it and get the last part, from -6 which is the white space before then 2 (in
# our example) to -1 (which is the 1 before the last ')' ).
score = data if len(data) == 5 else data[-6:-1]
scores.append(score)
print("finished processing {u}.".format(u=url))
# now we return the scores
return scores
def is_match(t1, t2, match_date, row):
# from each row we want to compare, t1,t2,match_date (this are obtained from the title) with the rows team1,
# team2 and date. Each row has 6 element inside it. Please read all the code on get_last_5 before reading this
# explanation. so the for this row, date is in position 0, team1 in 2, team2 in 3.
# <td><span>10.03.20</span></td>
date = row.getchildren()[0].getchildren()[0].text
# <td><span>TeamName</span></td> (when the team lost) or
# <td><span><strong>TeamName</strong></span></td> (when the team won)
team1element = row.getchildren()[2].getchildren()[0] # this is the span element
# using a ternary expression (condition_if_true if condition else condition_if_false)
# https://book.pythontips.com/en/latest/ternary_operators.html
# if span element have childrens , (getchildren()>0) then the team name is team1element.getchildren()[0].text
# which is the text of the strong element, if not the jsut get the text from the span element.
mt1 = team1element.getchildren()[0].text if len(team1element.getchildren()) > 0 else team1element.text
# repeat the same as team 1
team2element = row.getchildren()[3].getchildren()[0]
mt2 = team2element.getchildren()[0].text if len(team2element.getchildren()) > 0 else team2element.text
# basically we can compare only the date, but jsut to be sure we compare the names also. So, if the dates and the
# names are the same this is our match row.
if match_date == date and t1 == mt1 and t2 == mt2:
# we found it so return true
return True
# if not the same then return false
return False