SQLSTATE [HY000] Laravel 8 中的外键约束格式错误

Question

SQLSTATE[HY000]：一般错误：1005 无法创建表 laravel.projects (errno: 150 "外键约束为 格式不正确")

当我迁移我的项目表并尝试加入三个表时出现上述错误：

1. 一个用户有很多产品，产品有自己的ID。
2. 一个产品有很多项目，项目有自己的id。

用户表（user.php）

public function up()
{
    Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('name');
        $table->string('email')->unique();
        $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
        $table->string('password');
        $table->rememberToken();
        $table->foreignId('current_team_id')->nullable();
        $table->text('profile_photo_path')->nullable();
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

产品表（product.php）

public function up()
{
    Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->bigIncrements('id');
        $table->string('name');
        $table->text('detail');
        $table->string('color');
        $table->string('image');
        $table->string('logo');
        $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
        $table->timestamps();
        $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
    });
}

项目表（project.php）

Schema::create('projects', function (Blueprint $table) {
    // $table->('id');
    $table->bigIncrements('id');
    $table->string('name', 255)->nullable();
    $table->string('detail', 500)->nullable();
    $table->string('color', 255)->nullable();
    $table->string('image', 22)->nullable();
    $table->string('logo', 22)->nullable();
    $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
    $table->unsignedBigInteger('product_id');
    $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
    $table->foreign('product_id')->references('id')->on('products')->onDelete('cascade');
    $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
    $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable();
});

用户模型

public function getProducts()
{
    return $this->hasMany('App\Models\Product');
}

public function getProject()
{
    return $this->hasMany('App\Models\Project');
}

产品型号

use HasFactory;

protected $fillable = [
    'name', 'detail', 'image', 'color', 'logo', 'user_id'
];

public function getUser()
{
    return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}

项目模型

use HasFactory;

protected $fillable = [
    'name', 'detail', 'image','color','logo','user_id'
];

public function getUser(){
    return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}

我还需要帮助才能使我的模型正常工作。

Answer 1

您的问题很简单，您需要阅读并了解更多关于关系查询构建和表旋转多对多的信息

示例项目和用户

Schema::create('projects_user', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
    $table->unsignedBigInteger('product_id');
    $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
    $table->foreign('product_id')->references('id')->on('products')->onDelete('cascade');
    $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
    $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable();
});

 php artisan make:migration create_projects_user_table --create=projects_user

很导入搜索create tables corrument用

检查是西班牙语请您搜索英语替代 youtube relation many to many

Answer 2

问题是在 Laravel 8+ 中创建的，通常所有的答案都与一些旧版本有关，我搜索了很多但没有得到 8.4x 版本的解决问题，最后我尝试了不同的方法解决这个问题，现在在尝试了多种方法后，我找到了解决方案。 尝试更改这些文件 Product.php 和 Project.php 文件。 100% 对你有用。

产品表（product.php）

  public function up()
   {
    Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->bigIncrements('id');
    $table->string('name');
    $table->text('detail');
    $table->string('color');
    $table->string('image');
    $table->string('logo');
    $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id')->nullable()->index();//Change this line of Code
    $table->timestamps();
    $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')- 
    >onDelete('cascade');
   });
}

项目表（project.php）

Schema::create('projects', function (Blueprint $table) {
   // $table->('id');
   $table->bigIncrements('id');
   $table->string('name', 255)->nullable();
   $table->string('detail', 500)->nullable();
   $table->string('color', 255)->nullable();
   $table->string('image', 22)->nullable();
   $table->string('logo', 22)->nullable();
   $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id')->nullable()->index(); //Change this line of Code
   $table->unsignedBigInteger('product_id')->nullable()->index();//Change this line of Code
   $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')- 
   >onDelete('cascade');
   $table->foreign('product_id')->references('id')->on('products')- 
   >onDelete('cascade');
   $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
   $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable();
});

}

Answer 3

对于项目表，Laravel 会自己解决。

Schema::create('projects', function (Blueprint $table) {
    // $table->('id');
    $table->bigIncrements('id');
    $table->string('name', 255)->nullable();
    $table->string('detail', 500)->nullable();
    $table->string('color', 255)->nullable();
    $table->string('image', 22)->nullable();
    $table->string('logo', 22)->nullable();
    $table->foreignId('user_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->onDelete('cascade');
    
    $table->foreignId('product_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->onDelete('cascade');

    $table->timestamp('created_at')->useCurrent();
    $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable();
});