如何使用 SQL Server 数据库部署 Windows 应用程序？

Question

我在 Visual Studio 2012 中使用 SQL Server 2012 数据库开发了一个应用程序。当我尝试发布应用程序来测试它时，它在我的机器上正常工作（包括 SQL Server 数据文件夹中的数据库），但是当我将该已发布的应用程序移动到另一台机器上时它就不起作用了。

我想知道将项目及其数据库一起部署的最简单方法。 我已经看到将 SQL 数据库与我的应用程序集成的解决方案是使用 localdb，但我不明白使用它的步骤。 我需要使用 SQL Server 2012 数据库部署应用程序的所有步骤，以便在另一台 PC 上安装该应用程序，而无需在该 PC 上安装 SQL Server 2012。

Answer 1

您的应用无法在另一台机器上运行，因为您在没有数据库的本地机器上使用相同的配置部署了它。

• 如果您的计算机上没有 SQL Server，您可以使用 SQL Server Express（默认情况下它与 Visual Studio 一起安装，除非您明确告诉它不要这样做）并更新 web.config：

  <connectionStrings>
      <add name="testCon" 
           connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\Database.mdf;Integrated Security=True;User Instance=True" 
           providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
  </connectionStrings>
  

• 将数据库部署到服务器并更改连接字符串

  <connectionStrings>
      <add name="testCon" 
           providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" 
           connectionString="Data Source=Server_Name;Initial Catalog=DB_Name; User Id=User_Name;Password=Password;" /> 
  </connectionStrings>
  

Answer 2

似乎不久前我遇到了同样的问题。我查看了 SQL Server、MySQL、SQL Server Express 和 SQL Server Compact 版本。我想要一个用于独立应用程序的简单数据库。 SQL Server Compact 适合独立、自包含的数据库。 SQLite 是独立数据库的另一个绝佳选择，但这是另一个答案。 SQL Server Express 的优缺点已经在另一个答案中介绍过。

要部署 SQL Server Compact (CE)，您可以包含 SQLCE40Runtime_x86-ENU.exe 的安装程序，也可以包含安装程序为您手动创建的所需目录和 Dll。更多部署信息见：https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa983326%28v=vs.140%29.aspx

我将使用的连接字符串是

ConnectionString = "Data Source=" + System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().Location) + "\\DevEssai.sdf;Persist Security Info=False";

有关连接字符串的其他想法，请参阅：http://www.connectionstrings.com/

你最终做出的任何选择，你必须做出的每个选择都有利有弊。无论哪种方式，都需要您进行一些研究才能为您的应用程序选择最佳选择。不要被吓倒。一旦你进一步研究它，它并不像你最初想象的那么难。这只是每个人都必须经历的学习曲线。

Answer 3

我创建了一个简单的转换程序来将我的一个 SQL Server 表转换为一个 SQL Server Compact Edition 表。我刚刚创建了一个带有“转换”按钮的 Windows 窗体。它将创建 SQL Server CE 数据库，然后从 SQL Server 数据库表中读取每条记录，并将其写入 SQL Server Compact 数据库中的等效表记录。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.Sql;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlServerCe;
using System.Data.SQLite;

namespace SampleConversion
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnConvert_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string cmd = "";
            int count = 0;

            create_SQLCE_database(); // Create the SQL Server CE database file and a table within it

            string SQLconnectionString = "server=(local); database=PTHData; Trusted_Connection=True;"; // open PTHData.mdf
            string SQLCEconnectionString = "Data Source=" + Application.StartupPath + "\\pthData.sdf;Persist Security Info=False"; // open PTHDATA.sdf

            // open the input and output database
            SqlCeConnection SQLCEconnection = new SqlCeConnection(SQLCEconnectionString);

            try
            {
                SQLCEconnection.Open();
            }
            catch (SqlCeException ex)
            {
                string errorMessages = "A SQL Server CE exception occurred on open.\n" + ex.Message;
                MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
                return;
            }
            SqlConnection SQLconnection = new SqlConnection(SQLconnectionString);
            try
            {
                SQLconnection.Open();
            }
            catch (SqlException ex)
            {
                string errorMessages = "A SQL exception occurred on open.\n" + ex.Message;
                MessageBox.Show( errorMessages, "Convert");
                return;
            }

            //Databases are not open, time to convert
            SqlCommand cmdread = new SqlCommand();
            cmdread.Connection = SQLconnection;
            cmdread.CommandText = "Select * from USTimeZones";
            SqlDataReader drread = null;

            SqlCeCommand cmdwrite = new SqlCeCommand();
            cmdwrite.Connection = SQLCEconnection;

            try
            {
                drread = cmdread.ExecuteReader();
                while (drread.Read())
                {
                    drread["timezone"].ToString();
                    cmd = "Insert into USTimeZones values ('" + drread["state"].ToString() + "','" +
                        drread["city"].ToString() + "','" + drread["county"].ToString() + "','" +
                        drread["timezone"].ToString() + "','" + drread["timetype"].ToString() + "','" +
                        drread["latitude"].ToString() + "','" + drread["longitude"].ToString() + "')";
                    cmdwrite.CommandText = cmd;
                    try
                    {
                        cmdwrite.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        count++;
                    }
                    catch (SqlCeException ex)
                    {
                        string errorMessages = "A SQL exception occurred on writing the SQL Server CE record.\n" + ex.Message;
                        MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
                        SQLCEconnection.Close();
                        SQLconnection.Close();
                        return;
                    }

                }
            }
            catch (SqlException ex)
            {
                string errorMessages = "A SQL exception occurred reading records.\n" + ex.Message;
                MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                string errorMessages = "A General exception occurred reading records.\n" + ex.Message;
                MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
            }

            MessageBox.Show("Records written: " + count.ToString(), "Conversion complete");
            drread.Close();
            SQLconnection.Close();
            SQLCEconnection.Close();
        }

        private void create_SQLCE_database()
        {
            string connectionString = "Data Source=" + Application.StartupPath + "\\pthData.sdf;Persist Security Info=False";

            try
            {
                SqlCeEngine en = new SqlCeEngine(connectionString);
                en.CreateDatabase();
            }
            catch (SqlCeException ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Unable to create the SQL Server CE pthData database\n" + ex.Message, "Create SQL Server CE file/database error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Unable to create the SQL Server CE pthData database\n" + ex.Message, "Create SQL Server CE file/database error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
            }

            // file created, now create tables
            SqlCeConnection cn = new SqlCeConnection(connectionString);
            if (cn.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
                cn.Open();

            SqlCeCommand cmd;
            string commandString = "Create table USTimeZones\n";

            // create USTimeZones file
            commandString = "Create table USTimeZones\r\n";
            commandString += "(state nvarchar(30), city nvarchar(100), county nvarchar(50), timezone nvarchar(10), ";
            commandString += "timetype int, latitude nvarchar(10), longitude nvarchar(10),  ";
            commandString += "PRIMARY KEY(state, city, county, timezone, timetype))";
            cmd = new SqlCeCommand(commandString, cn);

            try
            {
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            }
            catch (SqlCeException sqlexception)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(sqlexception.Message + "\n Command string: " + commandString, "Error creating USTimeZoness", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Error creating USTimeZones", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
            }

            cn.Close();
        }

    private void btnSQLiteConvert_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string cmd = "";
        int count = 0;

        create_SQLite_database(); // Create the SQLite database file and a table within it

        string SQLconnectionString = "server=(local); database=PTHData; Trusted_Connection=True;"; // open PTHData.mdf
        string SQLiteconnectionString = "Data Source=" + Application.StartupPath + "\\pthData.sqlite;Version=3;";

        // open the input and output database
        SQLiteConnection SQLiteconnection = new SQLiteConnection(SQLiteconnectionString);

        try
        {
            SQLiteconnection.Open();
        }
        catch (SQLiteException ex)
        {
            string errorMessages = "A SQLite exception occurred on open.\n" + ex.Message;
            MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
            return;
        }

        SqlConnection SQLconnection = new SqlConnection(SQLconnectionString);

        try
        {
            SQLconnection.Open();
        }
        catch (SqlException ex)
        {
            string errorMessages = "A SQL exception occurred on open.\n" + ex.Message;
            MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
            return;
        }

        //Databases are not open, time to convert
        SqlCommand cmdread = new SqlCommand();
        cmdread.Connection = SQLconnection;
        cmdread.CommandText = "Select * from USTimeZones";

        SqlDataReader drread = null;

        SQLiteCommand cmdwrite = new SQLiteCommand();
        cmdwrite.Connection = SQLiteconnection;

        try
        {
            drread = cmdread.ExecuteReader();

            while (drread.Read())
            {
                drread["timezone"].ToString();
                cmd = "Insert into USTimeZones values ('" + drread["state"].ToString() + "','" +
                    drread["city"].ToString() + "','" + drread["county"].ToString() + "','" +
                    drread["timezone"].ToString() + "','" + drread["timetype"].ToString() + "','" +
                    drread["latitude"].ToString() + "','" + drread["longitude"].ToString() + "')";
                cmdwrite.CommandText = cmd;

                try
                {
                    cmdwrite.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    count++;
                }
                catch (SQLiteException ex)
                {
                    string errorMessages = "An SQL exception occurred on writing the SQLite record.\n" + ex.Message;
                    MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
                    SQLiteconnection.Close();
                    SQLconnection.Close();
                    return;
                }

            }
        }
        catch (SqlException ex)
        {
            string errorMessages = "A SQL exception occurred reading records.\n" + ex.Message;
            MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            string errorMessages = "A General exception occurred reading records.\n" + ex.Message;
            MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
        }

        MessageBox.Show("Records written: " + count.ToString(), "Conversion complete");
        drread.Close();
        SQLconnection.Close();
        SQLiteconnection.Close();
    }

    private void create_SQLite_database()
    {
        string connectionString = "Data Source=" + Application.StartupPath + "\\pthData.sqlite;Version=3;";

        try
        {
            SQLiteConnection.CreateFile("pthData.sqlite");
        }
        catch (SQLiteException ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Unable to create the SQLite database\n" + ex.Message + "\nConnection string: " + connectionString, "Create SQLite file/database error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Unable to create the SQLitedatabase\n" + ex.Message + "\nConnection string: " + connectionString, "Create SQLite file/database error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
        }
        // file created, now create tables
        SQLiteConnection cn = new SQLiteConnection(connectionString);
        if (cn.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
            cn.Open();

        SQLiteCommand cmd;
        string commandString = "Create table if not exists USTimeZones\n";

        // create time zones file
        commandString += "(state nvarchar(30), city nvarchar(100), county nvarchar(50), timezone nvarchar(10), ";
        commandString += "timetype int, latitude nvarchar(10), longitude nvarchar(10),  ";
        commandString += "PRIMARY KEY(state, city, county, timezone, timetype))";

        cmd = new SQLiteCommand(commandString, cn);

        try
        {
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
        }
        catch (SQLiteException sqlexception)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(sqlexception.Message + "\n Command string: " + commandString, "Error creating USTimeZones", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message + "\n Command string: " + commandString, "Error creating USTimeZoness", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
        }
    }
}