克服 SQL Server 2016/2019 中 JSON 嵌套数组的通配符限制

Question

我很难弄清楚如何绕过通配符限制。

这是我正在研究的一个例子。我有一些 PTO 请求数据正在尝试解析。

每个请求都有一个requestID，每个requestID可以有多个paidTimeOffEntries。基本上，如果我休假一周，它会为 1 个 requestID 创建 5 个 paidTimeOffEntries。

我想要做的只是复制通配符 [*] 并为每个 requestID 提取每个 paidTimeOffEntries 为员工。

这是我的 JSON 和一个简单的 SELECT 语句，它只提取请求的第一个实例

DECLARE @JSON NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'[{"requestStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"totalQuantity":null,"totalTime":null,"requests":[{"requestID":"9200017220875_1","requestUri":{"href":"/time/v2/workers/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/time-off-requests/9200017220875_1"},"requestDesc":null,"requestStartDate":null,"requestStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":56,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"totalTime":null,"paidTimeOffEntries":[{"timeOffEntryID":null,"paidTimeOffID":"9200017220887_1","paidTimeOffPolicy":{"code":"9200016925931_1","labelName":"PTO - Out of Office"},"entryStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"earningType":{"code":"9200016925936_1","labelName":"PTO"},"timePeriod":{"startDateTime":"2020-09-17","endDateTime":"2020-09-17"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"meta":null},{"timeOffEntryID":null,"paidTimeOffID":"9200017220879_1","paidTimeOffPolicy":{"code":"9200016925931_1","labelName":"PTO - Out of Office"},"entryStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"earningType":{"code":"9200016925936_1","labelName":"PTO"},"timePeriod":{"startDateTime":"2020-09-18","endDateTime":"2020-09-18"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"meta":null},{"timeOffEntryID":null,"paidTimeOffID":"9200017220877_1","paidTimeOffPolicy":{"code":"9200016925931_1","labelName":"PTO - Out of Office"},"entryStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"earningType":{"code":"9200016925936_1","labelName":"PTO"},"timePeriod":{"startDateTime":"2020-09-21","endDateTime":"2020-09-21"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"meta":null},{"timeOffEntryID":null,"paidTimeOffID":"9200017220883_1","paidTimeOffPolicy":{"code":"9200016925931_1","labelName":"PTO - Out of Office"},"entryStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"earningType":{"code":"9200016925936_1","labelName":"PTO"},"timePeriod":{"startDateTime":"2020-09-22","endDateTime":"2020-09-22"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"meta":null},{"timeOffEntryID":null,"paidTimeOffID":"9200017220881_1","paidTimeOffPolicy":{"code":"9200016925931_1","labelName":"PTO - Out of Office"},"entryStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"earningType":{"code":"9200016925936_1","labelName":"PTO"},"timePeriod":{"startDateTime":"2020-09-23","endDateTime":"2020-09-23"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"meta":null},{"timeOffEntryID":null,"paidTimeOffID":"9200017220885_1","paidTimeOffPolicy":{"code":"9200016925931_1","labelName":"PTO - Out of Office"},"entryStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"earningType":{"code":"9200016925936_1","labelName":"PTO"},"timePeriod":{"startDateTime":"2020-09-24","endDateTime":"2020-09-24"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"meta":null},{"timeOffEntryID":null,"paidTimeOffID":"9200017220889_1","paidTimeOffPolicy":{"code":"9200016925931_1","labelName":"PTO - Out of Office"},"entryStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"earningType":{"code":"9200016925936_1","labelName":"PTO"},"timePeriod":{"startDateTime":"2020-09-25","endDateTime":"2020-09-25"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"meta":null}],"meta":{"metadataEntitlementCodes":["r","k"],"multiPeriodRequestIndicator":false,"actions":[]},"requestorComment":null,"approvalDueDate":null},{"requestID":"9200022223870_1","requestUri":{"href":"/time/v2/workers/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/time-off-requests/9200022223870_1"},"requestDesc":null,"requestStartDate":null,"requestStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"totalTime":null,"paidTimeOffEntries":[{"timeOffEntryID":null,"paidTimeOffID":"9200022223872_1","paidTimeOffPolicy":{"code":"9200016925931_1","labelName":"PTO - Out of Office"},"entryStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"earningType":{"code":"9200016925936_1","labelName":"PTO"},"timePeriod":{"startDateTime":"2020-10-22","endDateTime":"2020-10-22"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"meta":null}],"meta":{"metadataEntitlementCodes":["r","k"],"multiPeriodRequestIndicator":false,"actions":[]},"requestorComment":{"entryDateTime":"2020-10-21","commentTxt":"PTO"},"approvalDueDate":null},{"requestID":"9200022915434_1","requestUri":{"href":"/time/v2/workers/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/time-off-requests/9200022915434_1"},"requestDesc":null,"requestStartDate":null,"requestStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"totalTime":null,"paidTimeOffEntries":[{"timeOffEntryID":null,"paidTimeOffID":"9200022915436_1","paidTimeOffPolicy":{"code":"9200016925931_1","labelName":"PTO - Out of Office"},"entryStatus":{"code":"approved","labelName":"Approved"},"earningType":{"code":"9200016925936_1","labelName":"PTO"},"timePeriod":{"startDateTime":"2020-10-28","endDateTime":"2020-10-28"},"totalQuantity":{"valueNumber":8,"unitTimeCode":"hour","labelName":"HOURS"},"meta":null}],"meta":{"metadataEntitlementCodes":["r","k"],"multiPeriodRequestIndicator":false,"actions":[]},"requestorComment":{"entryDateTime":"2020-10-26","commentTxt":"PTO"},"approvalDueDate":null}]}]';

SELECT a.*
  FROM OPENJSON(@JSON, '$[0].requests[0].paidTimeOffEntries')
      WITH (
                 paidTimeOffID NVARCHAR(25) '$.paidTimeOffID'
                ,totalQuantity DECIMAL(18,2) '$.totalQuantity.valueNumber'
                ,startDateTime DATETIME '$.timePeriod.startDateTime'
                ,endDateTime DATETIME '$.timePeriod.endDateTime'
           ) a

我希望复制的是 $[*].requests.[*].requestID 和 $[*].requests.[*].paidTimeOffID，这样我就可以获得所有休假请求，以及他们想要休假的日子

理想情况下它会返回：

requestID        paidTimeOffID    totalQuantity    startDateTime    endDateTime   
9200017220875_1  9200017220887_1  8                2020-09-17       2020-09-17
9200017220875_1  9200017220879_1  8                2020-09-18       2020-09-18
9200017220875_1  9200017220877_1  8                2020-09-21       2020-09-21
9200017220875_1  9200017220883_1  8                2020-09-22       2020-09-22
9200017220875_1  9200017220881_1  8                2020-09-23       2020-09-23
9200017220875_1  9200017220885_1  8                2020-09-24       2020-09-24
9200017220875_1  9200017220889_1  8                2020-09-25       2020-09-25
9200022223870_1  9200022223872_1  8                2020-10-22       2020-10-22
9200022915434_1  9200022915436_1  8                2020-10-28       2020-10-28

解决此问题的最佳建议是什么？我希望这是我忽略的简单事情。我以前做过，但我已经控制了 JSON 的格式。不幸的是，我无法控制这一点。

Answer 1

您可以像这样展平多个 openjson() 调用：

SELECT x.*
FROM OPENJSON(@JSON, '$') WITH (requests NVARCHAR(MAX) AS JSON) r
CROSS APPLY OPENJSON(r.requests) WITH (paidTimeOffEntries NVARCHAR(MAX) AS JSON) p
CROSS APPLY OPENJSON(p.paidTimeOffEntries) WITH (
    paidTimeOffID NVARCHAR(25)  '$.paidTimeOffID',
    totalQuantity DECIMAL(18,2) '$.totalQuantity.valueNumber',
    startDateTime DATETIME      '$.timePeriod.startDateTime',
    endDateTime   DATETIME      '$.timePeriod.endDateTime'
) x

Demo on DB Fiddle：

paidTimeOffID |总量 |开始日期时间 |结束日期时间 :---------------- | ------------: | :------------------------ | :------------------------ 9200017220887_1 | 8.00 | 2020-09-17 00:00:00.000 | 2020-09-17 00:00:00.000 9200017220879_1 | 8.00 | 2020-09-18 00:00:00.000 | 2020-09-18 00:00:00.000 9200017220877_1 | 8.00 | 2020-09-21 00:00:00.000 | 2020-09-21 00:00:00.000 9200017220883_1 | 8.00 | 2020-09-22 00:00:00.000 | 2020-09-22 00:00:00.000 9200017220881_1 | 8.00 | 2020-09-23 00:00:00.000 | 2020-09-23 00:00:00.000 9200017220885_1 | 8.00 | 2020-09-24 00:00:00.000 | 2020-09-24 00:00:00.000 9200017220889_1 | 8.00 | 2020-09-25 00:00:00.000 | 2020-09-25 00:00:00.000 9200022223872_1 | 8.00 | 2020-10-22 00:00:00.000 | 2020-10-22 00:00:00.000 9200022915436_1 | 8.00 | 2020-10-28 00:00:00.000 | 2020-10-28 00:00:00.000