如何在 SQL Server 中交换值？

Question

我想在行之间交换值，但我不知道如何制作它，因为我创建了一个脚本来做到这一点，但答案仍然不正确。我从 pdf 中获取原始数据，然后将其转换为 excel 'xls'。

请参阅下面的示例。

DECLARE @MyTable TABLE(Id INT, RoomNo INT, Class VARCHAR(10), Price VARCHAR(255))

INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 1,    21,     'A',        '43,028,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 2,    NULL,   NULL,       '43,896,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 3,    20,     'A',        '42,681,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 4,    NULL,   NULL,       '43,549,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 5,    19,     'A',        '42,334,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 6,    NULL,   NULL,       '43,202,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 7,    18,     'A',        '41,987,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 8,    NULL,   NULL,       '42,855,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 9,    17,     'A',        '41,467,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 10,   NULL,   NULL,       '42,334,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 11,   16,     'A',        '41,120,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 12,   NULL,   NULL,       '41,987,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 13,   NULL,   'A',        '39,211,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 14,   9,      NULL,       '40,079,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 15,   NULL,   NULL,       '38,691,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 16,   6,      NULL,       '39,385,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 17,   NULL,   'A',        '44,756,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 18,   5,      NULL,       '45,591,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 19,   21,     'B',        '26,598,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 20,   20,     'B',        '26,393,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 21,   NULL,   NULL,       '26,905,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 22,   19,     'B',        '26,189,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 23,   NULL,   NULL,       '26,700,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 24,   18,     'B',        '25,984,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 25,   NULL,   NULL,       '26,496,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 26,   17,     'B',        '25,677,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 27,   NULL,   'B',        '24,041,000'
INSERT INTO @MyTable(Id, RoomNo, Class, Price) SELECT 28,   6,      NULL,       '24,552,000'

我尝试了什么

SELECT
        *,
        ISNULL(RoomNo, (SELECT TOP 1 RoomNo FROM @MyTable WHERE Id < MyTable.Id AND RoomNo IS NOT NULL ORDER BY ID DESC)),
        ISNULL(Class, (SELECT TOP 1 Class FROM @MyTable WHERE Id < MyTable.Id AND Class IS NOT NULL ORDER BY ID DESC)),
        Price
    FROM @MyTable as MyTable

结果错误：

Id  RoomNo  Class   Price       NewRoomNo   NewClass    Price
1   21      A       43,028,000  21          A           43,028,000
2   NULL    NULL    43,896,000  21          A           43,896,000
3   20      A       42,681,000  20          A           42,681,000
4   NULL    NULL    43,549,000  20          A           43,549,000
5   19      A       42,334,000  19          A           42,334,000
6   NULL    NULL    43,202,000  19          A           43,202,000
7   18      A       41,987,000  18          A           41,987,000
8   NULL    NULL    42,855,000  18          A           42,855,000
9   17      A       41,467,000  17          A           41,467,000
10  NULL    NULL    42,334,000  17          A           42,334,000
11  16      A       41,120,000  16          A           41,120,000
12  NULL    NULL    41,987,000  16          A           41,987,000
13  NULL    A       39,211,000  16          A           39,211,000
14  9       NULL    40,079,000  9           A           40,079,000
15  NULL    NULL    38,691,000  9           A           38,691,000
16  6       NULL    39,385,000  6           A           39,385,000
17  NULL    A       44,756,000  6           A           44,756,000
18  5       NULL    45,591,000  5           A           45,591,000
19  21      B       26,598,000  21          B           26,598,000
20  20      B       26,393,000  20          B           26,393,000
21  NULL    NULL    26,905,000  20          B           26,905,000
22  19      B       26,189,000  19          B           26,189,000
23  NULL    NULL    26,700,000  19          B           26,700,000
24  18      B       25,984,000  18          B           25,984,000
25  NULL    NULL    26,496,000  18          B           26,496,000
26  17      B       25,677,000  17          B           25,677,000
27  NULL    B       24,041,000  17          B           24,041,000
28  6       NULL    24,552,000  6           B           24,552,000

我想实现：

Id  RoomNo  Class   Price       NewRoomNo   NewClass    Price
1   21      A       43,028,000  NULL        NULL        43,028,000
2   NULL    NULL    43,896,000  21          A           43,896,000
3   20      A       42,681,000  NULL        NULL        42,681,000
4   NULL    NULL    43,549,000  20          A           43,549,000
5   19      A       42,334,000  NULL        NULL        42,334,000
6   NULL    NULL    43,202,000  19          A           43,202,000
7   18      A       41,987,000  NULL        NULL        41,987,000
8   NULL    NULL    42,855,000  18          A           42,855,000
9   17      A       41,467,000  NULL        NULL        41,467,000
10  NULL    NULL    42,334,000  17          A           42,334,000
11  16      A       41,120,000  NULL        NULL        41,120,000
12  NULL    NULL    41,987,000  16          A           41,987,000
13  NULL    A       39,211,000  NULL        NULL        39,211,000
14  9       NULL    40,079,000  9           A           40,079,000
15  NULL    NULL    38,691,000  NULL        NULL        38,691,000
16  6       NULL    39,385,000  6           A           39,385,000
17  NULL    A       44,756,000  NULL        NULL        44,756,000
18  5       NULL    45,591,000  5           A           45,591,000
19  21      B       26,598,000  21          B           26,598,000
20  20      B       26,393,000  NULL        NULL        26,393,000
21  NULL    NULL    26,905,000  20          B           26,905,000
22  19      B       26,189,000  NULL        NULL        26,189,000
23  NULL    NULL    26,700,000  19          B           26,700,000
24  18      B       25,984,000  NULL        NULL        25,984,000
25  NULL    NULL    26,496,000  18          B           26,496,000
26  17      B       25,677,000  17          B           25,677,000
27  NULL    B       24,041,000  NULL        NULL        24,041,000
28  6       NULL    24,552,000  6           B           24,552,000

Answer 1

SELECT 

Id,

RoomNo,

Class,

Price,

CASE WHEN RoomNo IS NULL THEN lag(RoomNo) over(Order by Id)

ELSE NULL END as NewRoomNo,

CASE WHEN Class IS NULL THEN lag(Class) over(Order by Id)

ELSE NULL END as NewClass,

Price

FROM @MyTable

Answer 2

不是一个确切的答案，但以下应该会给您一个清晰的想法，您可以在此基础上进行操作，看看还有什么适合您的详细要求。

SELECT
    Id,
    NULLIF(RoomNo,LAG(RoomNo) OVER (ORDER BY ID)) RoomNo,
    NULLIF(Class,LAG(Class) OVER (ORDER BY ID)) Class,
    Price,
    LAG(RoomNo) OVER (ORDER BY ID) AS NewRoomNo,
    LAG(Class) OVER (ORDER BY ID)  AS NewClass,
    Price As Price2
FROM @MyTable as MyTable

Answer 3

你可以试试下面的，

    select  a.Id, a.RoomNo, a.Class, a.Price, 
        b.Id Idb,
        case when a.RoomNo IS NULL THEN b.RoomNo 
             else NULL
        end [swap roomno], 
        case when a.Class IS NULL THEN b.Class 
             else NULL
        end [swap class]
from @mytable a
    left join @mytable b on a.Id - 1 = b.Id

Answer 4

只需使用 NULLIF 即可获得所需的结果

SELECT Id
    ,RoomNo
    ,Class
    ,Price
    ,NULLIF(ISRoomNo, RoomNo) NewRoomNo
    ,NULLIF(ISCLASS, Class) AS NewClass
    ,Price
FROM (

SELECT
        *,
        ISNULL(RoomNo, (SELECT TOP 1 RoomNo FROM @MyTable WHERE Id < MyTable.Id AND RoomNo IS NOT NULL ORDER BY ID DESC)) ISRoomNo,
        ISNULL(Class, (SELECT TOP 1 Class FROM @MyTable WHERE Id < MyTable.Id AND Class IS NOT NULL ORDER BY ID DESC)) ISCLASS

 FROM @MyTable as MyTable
    )DT

Answer 5

使用 LEAD 和 LAG ，我想到了这个。

            ;WITH    CTE
                              AS ( SELECT   id ,
                                            RoomNo ,
                                            Class ,
                                            price ,
                                            IIF(( LEAD(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                                  AND LEAD(Class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                                ), NULL, IIF(LAG(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LAG(Class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL, LAG(RoomNo,
                                                                                  1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ), NULL)) NewRoomNo ,
                                            IIF(( LEAD(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                                  AND LEAD(Class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                                ), NULL, IIF(LAG(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LAG(Class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL, LAG(Class,
                                                                                  1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ), NULL)) NewClass ,
                                            price NewPrice
                                   FROM     @MyTable
                                 ),
                            CTE2
                              AS ( SELECT   id ,
                                            RoomNo ,
                                            Class ,
                                            price ,
                                            IIF(RoomNo IS NOT NULL
                                            AND Class IS NULL
                                            AND LAG(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                            AND LAG(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL, RoomNo, NewRoomNo) NewRoom ,
                                            IIF(RoomNo IS NOT NULL
                                            AND Class IS NULL
                                            AND LAG(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                            AND LAG(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL, LAG(class,
                                                                                  1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ), NewClass) NewClass ,
                                            NewPrice
                                   FROM     cte
                                 ),
                            CTE3
                              AS ( SELECT   id ,
                                            RoomNo ,
                                            Class ,
                                            price ,
                                            IIF(( RoomNo IS NOT NULL
                                                  AND Class IS NULL
                                                  AND LEAD(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                                  AND LEAD(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL
                                                ), RoomNo, NewRoom) NewRoom ,
                                            IIF(( RoomNo IS NOT NULL
                                                  AND Class IS NULL
                                                  AND LEAD(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                                  AND LEAD(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL
                                                ), LEAD(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ), NewClass) NewClass ,
                                            NewPrice
                                   FROM     CTE2
                                 ),
                            CTE4
                              AS ( SELECT   id ,
                                            RoomNo ,
                                            Class ,
                                            price ,
                                            IIF(RoomNo IS NOT NULL
                                            AND class IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LEAD(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                            AND LEAD(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL, RoomNo, NewRoom) NewRoom ,
                                            IIF(RoomNo IS NOT NULL
                                            AND class IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LEAD(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                            AND LEAD(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL, Class, NewClass) NewClass ,
                                            NewPrice
                                   FROM     CTE3
                                 ),
                            CTE5
                              AS ( SELECT   id ,
                                            roomNo ,
                                            Class ,
                                            price ,
                                            IIF(RoomNo IS NOT NULL
                                            AND class IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LEAD(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                            AND LEAD(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL, RoomNo, NewRoom) NewRoom ,
                                            IIF(RoomNo IS NOT NULL
                                            AND class IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LEAD(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                            AND LEAD(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL, Class, NewClass) NewClass ,
                                            NewPrice
                                   FROM     CTE4
                                 ),
                            CTE6
                              AS ( SELECT   id ,
                                            roomNo ,
                                            Class ,
                                            price ,
                                            IIF(roomNo IS NULL
                                            AND class IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LAG(roomno, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LAG(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL, NULL, newRoom) newRoom ,
                                            IIF(roomNo IS NULL
                                            AND class IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LAG(roomno, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LAG(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL, NULL, NewClass) NewClass ,
                                            NewPrice
                                   FROM     CTE5
                                 ),
                            CTE7
                              AS ( SELECT   id ,
                                            roomNo ,
                                            Class ,
                                            price ,
                                            IIF(RoomNo IS NOT NULL
                                            AND class IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LEAD(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                            AND LEAD(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS  NULL, NULL, NewRoom) NewRoom ,
                                            IIF(RoomNo IS NOT NULL
                                            AND class IS NOT NULL
                                            AND LEAD(RoomNo, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                            AND LEAD(class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS  NULL, NULL, NewClass) NewClass ,
                                            NewPrice
                                   FROM     CTE6
                                 )
                        SELECT  id ,
                                roomNo ,
                                Class ,
                                price ,
                                IIF(LAG(roomno, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL
                                AND LAG(Class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                AND roomno IS NOT NULL
                                AND class IS NOT NULL, roomno, NewRoom) NewRoom ,
                                IIF(LAG(roomno, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NOT NULL
                                AND LAG(Class, 1) OVER ( ORDER BY id ) IS NULL
                                AND roomno IS NOT NULL
                                AND class IS NOT NULL, Class, NewClass) NewClass ,
                                NewPrice price
                        FROM    CTE7

结果：

                id          roomNo      Class      price           NewRoom     NewClass   price
                ----------- ----------- ---------- --------------- ----------- ---------- ------------------
                1           21          A          43,028,000      NULL        NULL       43,028,000
                2           NULL        NULL       43,896,000      21          A          43,896,000
                3           20          A          42,681,000      NULL        NULL       42,681,000
                4           NULL        NULL       43,549,000      20          A          43,549,000
                5           19          A          42,334,000      NULL        NULL       42,334,000
                6           NULL        NULL       43,202,000      19          A          43,202,000
                7           18          A          41,987,000      NULL        NULL       41,987,000
                8           NULL        NULL       42,855,000      18          A          42,855,000
                9           17          A          41,467,000      NULL        NULL       41,467,000
                10          NULL        NULL       42,334,000      17          A          42,334,000
                11          16          A          41,120,000      NULL        NULL       41,120,000
                12          NULL        NULL       41,987,000      16          A          41,987,000
                13          NULL        A          39,211,000      NULL        NULL       39,211,000
                14          9           NULL       40,079,000      9           A          40,079,000
                15          NULL        NULL       38,691,000      NULL        NULL       38,691,000
                16          6           NULL       39,385,000      6           A          39,385,000
                17          NULL        A          44,756,000      NULL        NULL       44,756,000
                18          5           NULL       45,591,000      5           A          45,591,000
                19          21          B          26,598,000      21          B          26,598,000
                20          20          B          26,393,000      NULL        NULL       26,393,000
                21          NULL        NULL       26,905,000      20          B          26,905,000
                22          19          B          26,189,000      NULL        NULL       26,189,000
                23          NULL        NULL       26,700,000      19          B          26,700,000
                24          18          B          25,984,000      NULL        NULL       25,984,000
                25          NULL        NULL       26,496,000      18          B          26,496,000
                26          17          B          25,677,000      17          B          25,677,000
                27          NULL        B          24,041,000      NULL        NULL       24,041,000     
                28          6           NULL       24,552,000      6           B          24,552,000

                (28 row(s) affected)