我有一个 Web 服务，它接收 JSON 格式的数据，处理数据，然后将结果返回给请求者。
我想使用cURL 测量请求、响应和总时间。
我的示例请求如下所示：
curl -X POST -d @file server:port
我目前在 Linux 中使用 time 命令测量这个：
time curl -X POST -d @file server:port
不过，时间命令仅测量 总 时间 - 这并不是我想要的。
有什么方法可以使用cURL 测量请求和响应时间？
【问题讨论】：
标签： curl time upload download measure
来自这篇精彩的博文...https://blog.josephscott.org/2011/10/14/timing-details-with-curl/
cURL 支持请求详细信息的格式化输出（请参阅the cURL manpage for details，在-w, –write-out <format> 下）。出于我们的目的，我们将只关注提供的时间细节。以下时间以秒为单位。
新建一个文件，curl-format.txt，然后粘贴进去：
time_namelookup: %{time_namelookup}s\n
time_connect: %{time_connect}s\n
time_appconnect: %{time_appconnect}s\n
time_pretransfer: %{time_pretransfer}s\n
time_redirect: %{time_redirect}s\n
time_starttransfer: %{time_starttransfer}s\n
----------\n
time_total: %{time_total}s\n
提出请求：
curl -w "@curl-format.txt" -o /dev/null -s "http://wordpress.com/"
或者在 Windows 上，它是...
curl -w "@curl-format.txt" -o NUL -s "http://wordpress.com/"
-w "@curl-format.txt" 告诉 cURL 使用我们的格式文件-o /dev/null 将请求的输出重定向到 /dev/null-s
告诉 cURL 不要显示进度表"http://wordpress.com/" 是
我们请求的 URL。如果您的 URL 包含“&”查询字符串参数，请使用引号
time_namelookup: 0.001s
time_connect: 0.037s
time_appconnect: 0.000s
time_pretransfer: 0.037s
time_redirect: 0.000s
time_starttransfer: 0.092s
----------
time_total: 0.164s
alias curltime="curl -w \"@$HOME/.curl-format.txt\" -o /dev/null -s "
那么你可以简单地调用...
curltime wordpress.org
感谢评论者 Pete Doyle！
此脚本不需要单独的 .txt 文件来包含格式。
在可执行路径的某处创建一个新文件 curltime，然后粘贴：
#!/bin/bash
curl -w @- -o /dev/null -s "$@" <<'EOF'
time_namelookup: %{time_namelookup}\n
time_connect: %{time_connect}\n
time_appconnect: %{time_appconnect}\n
time_pretransfer: %{time_pretransfer}\n
time_redirect: %{time_redirect}\n
time_starttransfer: %{time_starttransfer}\n
----------\n
time_total: %{time_total}\n
EOF
调用方式与别名相同：
curltime wordpress.org
将此命令放在 CURLTIME.BAT 中（与 curl.exe 位于同一文件夹中）
curl -w "@%~dp0curl-format.txt" -o NUL -s %*
那么你可以简单地调用...
curltime wordpress.org
【讨论】：
\n 以在文本文件中换行
@curl -w "@%~dp0curl-format.txt" -o NUL -s %*很好的答案
alias curltime="curl -w \"@$HOME/.curl-format.txt\" -o NUL -s "。可能也适用于 MacOS。
答案如下：
curl -X POST -d @file server:port -w %{time_connect}:%{time_starttransfer}:%{time_total}
与-w 一起使用的所有变量都可以在man curl 中找到。
【讨论】：
"\n%{time_connect}:%{time_starttransfer}:%{time_total}\n"
-sS)。
选项 1。 测量 total time：
curl -o /dev/null -s -w 'Total: %{time_total}s\n' https://www.google.com
示例输出：
Total: 0.441094s
选项 2。 获取 time to establish connection、time to first byte (TTFB) 和 total time：
curl -o /dev/null -s -w 'Establish Connection: %{time_connect}s\nTTFB: %{time_starttransfer}s\nTotal: %{time_total}s\n' https://www.google.com
示例输出：
Establish Connection: 0.020033s
TTFB: 0.417907s
Total: 0.435486s
【讨论】：
以下内容的灵感来自西蒙的回答。它是独立的（不需要单独的格式文件），非常适合包含在 .bashrc 中。
curl_time() {
curl -so /dev/null -w "\
namelookup: %{time_namelookup}s\n\
connect: %{time_connect}s\n\
appconnect: %{time_appconnect}s\n\
pretransfer: %{time_pretransfer}s\n\
redirect: %{time_redirect}s\n\
starttransfer: %{time_starttransfer}s\n\
-------------------------\n\
total: %{time_total}s\n" "$@"
}
此外，它应该适用于 curl 通常采用的所有参数，因为 "$@" 只是通过它们。例如，您可以这样做：
curl_time -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"key": "val"}' https://postman-echo.com/post
输出：
namelookup: 0,125000s
connect: 0,250000s
appconnect: 0,609000s
pretransfer: 0,609000s
redirect: 0,000000s
starttransfer: 0,719000s
-------------------------
total: 0,719000s
【讨论】：
您可以根据此处的其他答案添加到 .bashrc 等中的快捷方式：
function perf {
curl -o /dev/null -s -w "%{time_connect} + %{time_starttransfer} = %{time_total}\n" "$1"
}
用法：
> perf stackoverflow.com
0.521 + 0.686 = 1.290
【讨论】：
curl -o /dev/null -s -w "time_total: %{time_total} sec\nsize_download: %{size_download} bytes\n" https://www.google.com
如果你想分析或总结延迟可以试试apache bench：
ab -n [number of samples] [url]
例如：
ab -n 100 http://www.google.com/
它会显示：
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking www.google.com (be patient).....done
Server Software: gws
Server Hostname: www.google.com
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 12419 bytes
Concurrency Level: 1
Time taken for tests: 10.700 seconds
Complete requests: 100
Failed requests: 97
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 97, Exceptions: 0)
Total transferred: 1331107 bytes
HTML transferred: 1268293 bytes
Requests per second: 9.35 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 107.004 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 107.004 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 121.48 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 20 22 0.8 22 26
Processing: 59 85 108.7 68 911
Waiting: 59 85 108.7 67 910
Total: 80 107 108.8 90 932
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 90
66% 91
75% 93
80% 95
90% 105
95% 111
98% 773
99% 932
100% 932 (longest request)
【讨论】：
ab 可以轻松接受许多与 curl 相同的标志，例如-H 用于标题。我使用此命令对第三方 API 的响应时间进行基准测试（在 Authorization 标头中提供不记名令牌）。工作出色。
另一种方法是像这样配置~/.curlrc
-w "\n\n==== cURL measurements stats ====\ntotal: %{time_total} seconds \nsize: %{size_download} bytes \ndnslookup: %{time_namelookup} seconds \nconnect: %{time_connect} seconds \nappconnect: %{time_appconnect} seconds \nredirect: %{time_redirect} seconds \npretransfer: %{time_pretransfer} seconds \nstarttransfer: %{time_starttransfer} seconds \ndownloadspeed: %{speed_download} byte/sec \nuploadspeed: %{speed_upload} byte/sec \n\n"
所以curl的输出是
❯❯ curl -I https://google.com
HTTP/2 301
location: https://www.google.com/
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
date: Mon, 04 Mar 2019 08:02:43 GMT
expires: Wed, 03 Apr 2019 08:02:43 GMT
cache-control: public, max-age=2592000
server: gws
content-length: 220
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
alt-svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="44,43,39"
==== cURL measurements stats ====
total: 0.211117 seconds
size: 0 bytes
dnslookup: 0.067179 seconds
connect: 0.098817 seconds
appconnect: 0.176232 seconds
redirect: 0.000000 seconds
pretransfer: 0.176438 seconds
starttransfer: 0.209634 seconds
downloadspeed: 0.000 byte/sec
uploadspeed: 0.000 byte/sec
【讨论】：
您可以使用curl -v --trace-time 将时间戳添加到跟踪/详细输出。这必须在详细模式或跟踪模式下完成才能执行任何操作。
【讨论】：
嘿比 Apache Bench 更好，SSL 问题更少
./hey https://google.com -more
Summary:
Total: 3.0960 secs
Slowest: 1.6052 secs
Fastest: 0.4063 secs
Average: 0.6773 secs
Requests/sec: 64.5992
Response time histogram:
0.406 [1] |
0.526 [142] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
0.646 [1] |
0.766 [6] |∎∎
0.886 [0] |
1.006 [0] |
1.126 [0] |
1.246 [12] |∎∎∎
1.365 [32] |∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎
1.485 [5] |∎
1.605 [1] |
Latency distribution:
10% in 0.4265 secs
25% in 0.4505 secs
50% in 0.4838 secs
75% in 1.2181 secs
90% in 1.2869 secs
95% in 1.3384 secs
99% in 1.4085 secs
Details (average, fastest, slowest):
DNS+dialup: 0.1150 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.4849 secs
DNS-lookup: 0.0032 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0319 secs
req write: 0.0001 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0007 secs
resp wait: 0.2068 secs, 0.1690 secs, 0.4906 secs
resp read: 0.0117 secs, 0.0011 secs, 0.2375 secs
Status code distribution:
[200] 200 responses
【讨论】：
就命令行而言，另一个可能是最简单的选项是添加内置的--trace-time 选项：
curl -X POST -d @file server:port --trace-time
尽管它在技术上并未按照 OP 的要求输出各个步骤的时间，但它确实显示了请求的 所有 步骤的时间戳，如下所示。使用它，您可以（相当容易地）计算出每一步所用的时间。
$ curl https://www.google.com --trace-time -v -o /dev/null
13:29:11.148734 * Rebuilt URL to: https://www.google.com/
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 013:29:11.149958 * Trying 172.217.20.36...
13:29:11.149993 * TCP_NODELAY set
13:29:11.163177 * Connected to www.google.com (172.217.20.36) port 443 (#0)
13:29:11.164768 * ALPN, offering h2
13:29:11.164804 * ALPN, offering http/1.1
13:29:11.164833 * successfully set certificate verify locations:
13:29:11.164863 * CAfile: none
CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
13:29:11.165046 } [5 bytes data]
13:29:11.165099 * (304) (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
13:29:11.165128 } [512 bytes data]
13:29:11.189518 * (304) (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
13:29:11.189537 { [100 bytes data]
13:29:11.189628 * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
13:29:11.189658 { [2104 bytes data]
13:29:11.190243 * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
13:29:11.190277 { [115 bytes data]
13:29:11.190507 * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
13:29:11.190539 { [4 bytes data]
13:29:11.190770 * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
13:29:11.190797 } [37 bytes data]
13:29:11.190890 * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
13:29:11.190915 } [1 bytes data]
13:29:11.191023 * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
13:29:11.191053 } [16 bytes data]
13:29:11.204324 * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
13:29:11.204358 { [16 bytes data]
13:29:11.204417 * SSL connection using TLSv1.2 / ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305
13:29:11.204451 * ALPN, server accepted to use h2
13:29:11.204483 * Server certificate:
13:29:11.204520 * subject: C=US; ST=California; L=Mountain View; O=Google LLC; CN=www.google.com
13:29:11.204555 * start date: Oct 2 07:29:00 2018 GMT
13:29:11.204585 * expire date: Dec 25 07:29:00 2018 GMT
13:29:11.204623 * subjectAltName: host "www.google.com" matched cert's "www.google.com"
13:29:11.204663 * issuer: C=US; O=Google Trust Services; CN=Google Internet Authority G3
13:29:11.204701 * SSL certificate verify ok.
13:29:11.204754 * Using HTTP2, server supports multi-use
13:29:11.204795 * Connection state changed (HTTP/2 confirmed)
13:29:11.204840 * Copying HTTP/2 data in stream buffer to connection buffer after upgrade: len=0
13:29:11.204881 } [5 bytes data]
13:29:11.204983 * Using Stream ID: 1 (easy handle 0x55846ef24520)
13:29:11.205034 } [5 bytes data]
13:29:11.205104 > GET / HTTP/2
13:29:11.205104 > Host: www.google.com
13:29:11.205104 > User-Agent: curl/7.61.0
13:29:11.205104 > Accept: */*
13:29:11.205104 >
13:29:11.218116 { [5 bytes data]
13:29:11.218173 * Connection state changed (MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS == 100)!
13:29:11.218211 } [5 bytes data]
13:29:11.251936 < HTTP/2 200
13:29:11.251962 < date: Fri, 19 Oct 2018 10:29:11 GMT
13:29:11.251998 < expires: -1
13:29:11.252046 < cache-control: private, max-age=0
13:29:11.252085 < content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
13:29:11.252119 < p3p: CP="This is not a P3P policy! See g.co/p3phelp for more info."
13:29:11.252160 < server: gws
13:29:11.252198 < x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
13:29:11.252228 < x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
13:29:11.252262 < set-cookie: 1P_JAR=2018-10-19-10; expires=Sun, 18-Nov-2018 10:29:11 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com
13:29:11.252297 < set-cookie: NID=141=pzXxp1jrJmLwFVl9bLMPFdGCtG8ySQKxB2rlDWgerrKJeXxfdmB1HhJ1UXzX-OaFQcnR1A9LKYxi__PWMigjMBQHmI3xkU53LI_TsYRbkMNJNdxs-caQQ7fEcDGE694S; expires=Sat, 20-Apr-2019 10:29:11 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; HttpOnly
13:29:11.252336 < alt-svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="44,43,39,35"
13:29:11.252368 < accept-ranges: none
13:29:11.252408 < vary: Accept-Encoding
13:29:11.252438 <
13:29:11.252473 { [5 bytes data]
100 12215 0 12215 0 0 112k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 112k
13:29:11.255674 * Connection #0 to host www.google.com left intact
【讨论】：
我制作了一个友好的格式化程序，用于嗅探 curl 请求以帮助调试（参见 cmets 的用法）。它包含所有已知的输出参数，您可以以易于阅读的格式写出。
https://gist.github.com/manifestinteractive/ce8dec10dcb4725b8513
【讨论】：
这是您可以与-w 一起使用的字符串，包含curl -w 支持的所有选项。
{"contentType":"%{content_type}","filenameEffective":"%{filename_effective}","ftpEntryPath":"%{ftp_entry_path}","httpCode":"%{http_code}","httpConnect":"%{http_connect}","httpVersion":"%{http_version}","localIp":"%{local_ip}","localPort":"%{local_port}","numConnects":"%{num_connects}","numRedirects":"%{num_redirects}","proxySslVerifyResult":"%{proxy_ssl_verify_result}","redirectUrl":"%{redirect_url}","remoteIp":"%{remote_ip}","remotePort":"%{remote_port}","scheme":"%{scheme}","size":{"download":"%{size_download}","header":"%{size_header}","request":"%{size_request}","upload":"%{size_upload}"},"speed":{"download":"%{speed_download}","upload":"%{speed_upload}"},"sslVerifyResult":"%{ssl_verify_result}","time":{"appconnect":"%{time_appconnect}","connect":"%{time_connect}","namelookup":"%{time_namelookup}","pretransfer":"%{time_pretransfer}","redirect":"%{time_redirect}","starttransfer":"%{time_starttransfer}","total":"%{time_total}"},"urlEffective":"%{url_effective}"}
输出 JSON。
【讨论】：
\n 有助于区分正文不以换行符结尾的时间：curl -w '\n{"contentType":"..."}...
这是一个重复访问同一服务器的 Bash 单线：
for i in {1..1000}; do curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{time_total}\n" http://server/get_things; done
【讨论】：
这是 Simons 答案的修改版本，它使多行输出成为单行。它还引入了当前时间戳，因此更容易跟踪每一行输出。
示例格式文件$ cat time-format.txt
time_namelookup:%{time_namelookup} time_connect:%{time_connect} time_appconnect:%{time_appconnect} time_pretransfer:%{time_pretransfer} time_redirect:%{time_redirect} time_starttransfer:%{time_starttransfer} time_total:%{time_total}\n
$ while [ 1 ];do echo -n "$(date) - " ; curl -w @time-format.txt -o /dev/null -s https://myapp.mydom.com/v1/endpt-http; sleep 1; done | grep -v time_total:0
Mon Dec 16 17:51:47 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.015 time_appconnect:0.172 time_pretransfer:0.172 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:1.666 time_total:1.666
Mon Dec 16 17:51:50 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.015 time_appconnect:0.175 time_pretransfer:0.175 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:3.794 time_total:3.795
Mon Dec 16 17:51:55 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.017 time_appconnect:0.175 time_pretransfer:0.175 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:1.971 time_total:1.971
Mon Dec 16 17:51:58 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.014 time_appconnect:0.173 time_pretransfer:0.173 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:1.161 time_total:1.161
Mon Dec 16 17:52:00 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.015 time_appconnect:0.166 time_pretransfer:0.167 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:1.434 time_total:1.434
Mon Dec 16 17:52:02 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.015 time_appconnect:0.177 time_pretransfer:0.177 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:5.119 time_total:5.119
Mon Dec 16 17:52:08 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.014 time_appconnect:0.172 time_pretransfer:0.172 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:30.185 time_total:30.185
Mon Dec 16 17:52:39 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.014 time_appconnect:0.164 time_pretransfer:0.164 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:30.175 time_total:30.176
Mon Dec 16 17:54:28 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.015 time_appconnect:3.191 time_pretransfer:3.191 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:3.212 time_total:3.212
Mon Dec 16 17:56:08 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.015 time_appconnect:1.184 time_pretransfer:1.184 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:1.215 time_total:1.215
Mon Dec 16 18:00:24 UTC 2019 - time_namelookup:0.004 time_connect:0.015 time_appconnect:0.181 time_pretransfer:0.181 time_redirect:0.000 time_starttransfer:1.267 time_total:1.267
我使用上面的方法来捕捉上述端点上的缓慢响应。
【讨论】：