使用dependency injection。
//GetSATService returns the fake service during testing
var myService = GetSATService();
var serviceQuestions = myService.GetAllQuestions();
或者，最好在对象的构造函数中设置 SATService 字段（因此构造函数需要设置 SATService。如果这样做，将更容易测试。
编辑：对不起，我会在这里详细说明。您在上面的代码中拥有的是一个耦合依赖项，您的代码在其中创建了它正在使用的对象。依赖注入或控制反转（IOC）模式会让你解耦这种依赖。 （或者简单地说，不要称之为“新”——让其他东西来做——你可以在消费者之外控制的东西。）
有几种方法可以做到这一点，它们显示在下面的代码中（cmets解释）：
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//ACTUAL usage
//Setting up the interface injection
IInjectableFactory.StaticInjectable = new ConcreteInjectable(1);
//Injecting via the constructor
EverythingsInjected injected =
new EverythingsInjected(new ConcreteInjectable(100));
//Injecting via the property
injected.PropertyInjected = new ConcreteInjectable(1000);
//using the injected items
injected.PrintInjectables();
Console.WriteLine();
//FOR TESTING (normally done in a unit testing framework)
IInjectableFactory.StaticInjectable = new TestInjectable();
EverythingsInjected testInjected =
new EverythingsInjected(new TestInjectable());
testInjected.PropertyInjected = new TestInjectable();
//this would be an assert of some kind
testInjected.PrintInjectables();
Console.Read();
}
//the inteface you want to represent the decoupled class
public interface IInjectable { void DoSomething(string myStr); }
//the "real" injectable
public class ConcreteInjectable : IInjectable
{
private int _myId;
public ConcreteInjectable(int myId) { _myId = myId; }
public void DoSomething(string myStr)
{
Console.WriteLine("Id:{0} Data:{1}", _myId, myStr);
}
}
//the place to get the IInjectable (not in consuming class)
public static class IInjectableFactory
{
public static IInjectable StaticInjectable { get; set; }
}
//the consuming class - with three types of injection used
public class EverythingsInjected
{
private IInjectable _interfaceInjected;
private IInjectable _constructorInjected;
private IInjectable _propertyInjected;
//property allows the setting of a different injectable
public IInjectable PropertyInjected
{
get { return _propertyInjected; }
set { _propertyInjected = value; }
}
//constructor requires the loosely coupled injectable
public EverythingsInjected(IInjectable constructorInjected)
{
//have to set the default with property injected
_propertyInjected = GetIInjectable();
//retain the constructor injected injectable
_constructorInjected = constructorInjected;
//using basic interface injection
_interfaceInjected = GetIInjectable();
}
//retrieves the loosely coupled injectable
private IInjectable GetIInjectable()
{
return IInjectableFactory.StaticInjectable;
}
//method that consumes the injectables
public void PrintInjectables()
{
_interfaceInjected.DoSomething("Interface Injected");
_constructorInjected.DoSomething("Constructor Injected");
_propertyInjected.DoSomething("PropertyInjected");
}
}
//the "fake" injectable
public class TestInjectable : IInjectable
{
public void DoSomething(string myStr)
{
Console.WriteLine("Id:{0} Data:{1}", -10000, myStr + " For TEST");
}
}
以上是一个完整的控制台程序，您可以运行它来看看它是如何工作的。我尽量保持简单，但如果您有任何问题，请随时问我。
第二次编辑：
从 cmets 中可以清楚地看出，这是一种操作需求，而不是测试需求，因此实际上它是一个缓存。这是一些可用于预期目的的代码。同样，下面的代码是一个完整的工作控制台程序。
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ServiceFactory factory = new ServiceFactory(false);
//first call hits the webservice
GetServiceQuestions(factory);
//hists the cache next time
GetServiceQuestions(factory);
//can refresh on demand
factory.ResetCache = true;
GetServiceQuestions(factory);
Console.Read();
}
//where the call to the "service" happens
private static List<Question> GetServiceQuestions(ServiceFactory factory)
{
var myFirstService = factory.GetSATService();
var firstServiceQuestions = myFirstService.GetAllQuestions();
foreach (Question question in firstServiceQuestions)
{
Console.WriteLine(question.Text);
}
return firstServiceQuestions;
}
}
//this stands in place of your xml file
public static class DataStore
{
public static List<Question> Questions;
}
//a simple question
public struct Question
{
private string _text;
public string Text { get { return _text; } }
public Question(string text)
{
_text = text;
}
}
//the contract for the real and fake "service"
public interface ISATService
{
List<Question> GetAllQuestions();
}
//hits the webservice and refreshes the store
public class ServiceWrapper : ISATService
{
public List<Question> GetAllQuestions()
{
Console.WriteLine("From WebService");
//this would be your webservice call
DataStore.Questions = new List<Question>()
{
new Question("How do you do?"),
new Question("How is the weather?")
};
//always return from your local datastore
return DataStore.Questions;
}
}
//accesses the data store for the questions
public class FakeService : ISATService
{
public List<Question> GetAllQuestions()
{
Console.WriteLine("From Fake Service (cache):");
return DataStore.Questions;
}
}
//The object that decides on using the cache or not
public class ServiceFactory
{
public bool ResetCache{ get; set;}
public ServiceFactory(bool resetCache)
{
ResetCache = resetCache;
}
public ISATService GetSATService()
{
if (DataStore.Questions == null || ResetCache)
return new ServiceWrapper();
else
return new FakeService();
}
}
希望这会有所帮助。祝你好运！