找不到或无法读取要导入的文件：引导程序。 Heroku 部署失败

【问题标题】：File to import not found or unreadable: bootstrap. Heroku deploy failed找不到或无法读取要导入的文件：引导程序。 Heroku 部署失败
【发布时间】：2012-11-23 01:38:02
【问题描述】：

UPD：问题已解决。

我将 gem twitter-bootstrap 添加到 gems 的整体列表中（不仅是 group :assets）。 并且必须在部署之前进行预编译。

部署有问题。 application.css.scss 现在不存在 - 文件已被删除。 可能是什么问题？ 当我添加 bootstrap-sass 而不是 .less 版本时，问题就开始了。但它失败了，原因不明。我决定回去，现在我遇到了这些问题。

-----> Preparing app for Rails asset pipeline
       Running: rake assets:precompile
       rake aborted!
       File to import not found or unreadable: bootstrap.
       Load path: Sass::Rails::Importer(/tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/app/assets/stylesheets/application.css.scss)
       (in /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/app/assets/stylesheets/application.css.scss)
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/app/assets/stylesheets/application.css.scss:16
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/import_node.rb:67:in `rescue in import'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/import_node.rb:45:in `import'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/import_node.rb:28:in `imported_file'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/import_node.rb:37:in `css_import?'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:215:in `visit_import'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:37:in `visit'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:98:in `visit'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:53:in `block in visit_children'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:53:in `map'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:53:in `visit_children'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:107:in `block in visit_children'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:119:in `with_environment'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:106:in `visit_children'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:37:in `block in visit'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:126:in `visit_root'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:37:in `visit'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:98:in `visit'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:7:in `visit'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/tree/root_node.rb:20:in `render'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/engine.rb:315:in `_render'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-3.2.3/lib/sass/engine.rb:262:in `render'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sass-rails-3.2.5/lib/sass/rails/template_handlers.rb:106:in `evaluate'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/tilt-1.3.3/lib/tilt/template.rb:76:in `render'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/context.rb:177:in `block in evaluate'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/context.rb:174:in `each'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/context.rb:174:in `evaluate'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/processed_asset.rb:12:in `initialize'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:241:in `new'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:241:in `block in build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:262:in `circular_call_protection'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:240:in `build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:89:in `block in build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/caching.rb:19:in `cache_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:88:in `build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:163:in `find_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:56:in `find_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/processed_asset.rb:106:in `block in build_required_assets'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/processed_asset.rb:100:in `each'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/processed_asset.rb:100:in `build_required_assets'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/processed_asset.rb:16:in `initialize'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:241:in `new'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:241:in `block in build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:262:in `circular_call_protection'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:240:in `build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:89:in `block in build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/caching.rb:19:in `cache_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:88:in `build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:163:in `find_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:56:in `find_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/bundled_asset.rb:16:in `initialize'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:244:in `new'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:244:in `build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:89:in `block in build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/caching.rb:19:in `cache_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:88:in `build_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:163:in `find_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/index.rb:56:in `find_asset'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.2.2/lib/sprockets/static_compiler.rb:20:in `block in compile'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:212:in `block in each_logical_path'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:200:in `block (2 levels) in each_file'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:190:in `each'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:190:in `each_entry'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:198:in `block in each_file'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:197:in `each'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:197:in `each_file'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/sprockets-2.1.3/lib/sprockets/base.rb:210:in `each_logical_path'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.2.2/lib/sprockets/static_compiler.rb:18:in `compile'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.2.2/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:56:in `internal_precompile'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.2.2/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:70:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.2.2/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:60:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.2.2/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:23:in `invoke_or_reboot_rake_task'
       /tmp/build_3es5vmj75q0ih/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.2.2/lib/sprockets/assets.rake:29:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
       Tasks: TOP => assets:precompile:primary
       (See full trace by running task with --trace)
       Precompiling assets failed, enabling runtime asset compilation
       Injecting rails31_enable_runtime_asset_compilation
       Please see this article for troubleshooting help:
       http://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/rails31_heroku_cedar#troubleshooting
-----> Rails plugin injection
       Injecting rails_log_stdout
       Injecting rails3_serve_static_assets
-----> Discovering process types
       Procfile declares types      -> (none)
       Default types for Ruby/Rails -> console, rake, web, worker
-----> Compiled slug size: 15.9MB
-----> Launching... done, v14

在 Heroku 日志中我有：

2012-11-23T01:34:01+00:00 app[web.1]: => Rails 3.2.2 application starting in production on http://0.0.0.0:4868
2012-11-23T01:34:01+00:00 app[web.1]: => Call with -d to detach
2012-11-23T01:34:01+00:00 app[web.1]: Processing by SearchesController#new as HTML
2012-11-23T01:34:02+00:00 app[web.1]:   Rendered searches/new.html.haml within layouts/application (707.1ms)
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]: Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 1694ms
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]: 
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]: ActionView::Template::Error (File to import not found or unreadable: bootstrap.
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]: Load path: /app
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]:     4:    %title 
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]:     5:        Seopositions
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]:     6:    = stylesheet_link_tag "application", :media => "all"
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]:   (in /app/app/assets/stylesheets/application.css.scss)):
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]: 
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]:   app/assets/stylesheets/application.css.scss:16
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]:   app/views/layouts/application.html.haml:6:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_haml__2436706826874996932_32759700'
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]: cache: [GET /] miss
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]:     8:    = csrf_meta_tags
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]:     3: %head
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]:     7:    = javascript_include_tag "application"
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]:     9: %body
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 app[web.1]: 
2012-11-23T01:34:03+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/ host=seopositions-2.herokuapp.com fwd= dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=2ms connect=5ms service=1939ms status=500 bytes=643
2012-11-23T01:34:04+00:00 app[web.1]: cache: [GET /favicon.ico] miss
2012-11-23T01:34:04+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/favicon.ico host=seopositions-2.herokuapp.com fwd= dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms connect=3ms service=9ms status=200 bytes=0

【问题讨论】：

  • 为了清楚起见，我会把你的答案放在答案部分

标签： ruby-on-rails twitter-bootstrap heroku sass


【解决方案1】：

您不需要手动预编译。我遇到了同样的问题，结果证明bootstrap-sass（或您正在使用的任何引导 gem）需要在资产组之外，否则您将在 Heroku 上遇到该错误。

如果您通过 git 提交到 Heroku（我不知道您会以任何其他方式推送到它），您的 gem 将通过 bundle 安装，您的应用程序将被编译。这在 ethiyo 引用的文档中。

所以你的 Gemfile 应该看起来像这样（减去你不使用的任何资产）：

# this needs to be outside of assets or it will fail on Heroku
  gem 'bootstrap-sass'

# Gems used only for assets and not required in production environments by default.
group :assets do
  gem 'coffee-rails'
  gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3'
  gem 'sass-rails'
end

在本地进行预编译很痛苦，不仅因为您忘记了这样做，还主要是因为如果您确实在本地编译，那么对 CSS 或 JS 文件的开发中的任何更改都不会被您的本地开发模式接收到，因为它正在读取预编译的。这会让你发疯。

【讨论】：

    【解决方案2】：

    确保在部署期间或部署之前预编译您的资产，将它们提交到您的存储库中

    【讨论】：

      【解决方案3】：

      遇到同样的问题，预编译修复了错误。显然你应该在推送到 Heroku 之前在本地编译，每次：https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/rails3x-asset-pipeline-cedar。

      【讨论】：

      • 这不是您提供的开发中心页面中所说的。它只是指出“您可以通过两种方式在 Heroku 上使用资产管道：在本地编译资产，或在 slug 编译期间编译资产”。我在任何地方都找不到 Heroku 说你应该手动预编译你的资产，我个人认为这不是一个好的解决方案。在部署应用程序时预编译资产非常简洁，简化了部署过程，并且完全受到 Heroku 的支持。
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