Rails 4, RSpec Application 已经初始化

Question

我一直在尝试将 RSpec 与 Rails 4 一起使用，但遇到了这个我无法摆脱的错误。

但是，当我对单个 *.rb 文件运行测试时，它可以正常工作而不会出现任何错误。我使用 guard 并尝试在单模式下运行 rspec，但收到了同样的错误。

13:46:26 - INFO - Running: spec
/Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/application.rb:214:in `initialize!': Application has been already initialized. (RuntimeError)
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `method_missing'
    from /Users/xxx/Documents/Mitt_bolag/Minnesota/beställningssite/order_site/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `block in require'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:213:in `load_dependency'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
    from /Users/xxx/Documents/Mitt_bolag/Minnesota/beställningssite/order_site/spec/spec_helper.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `block in require'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:213:in `load_dependency'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
    from /Users/xxx/Documents/Mitt_bolag/Minnesota/beställningssite/order_site/spec/requests/products_spec.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:222:in `load'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:222:in `block in load'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:213:in `load_dependency'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:222:in `load'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:896:in `block in load_spec_files'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:896:in `each'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:896:in `load_spec_files'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/command_line.rb:22:in `run'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:80:in `run'
    from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:17:in `block in autorun'

这是我的spec_helper.rb

# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'rspec/autorun'
require 'capybara/rspec'

# Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros, etc,
# in spec/support/ and its subdirectories.
Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each { |f| require f }

# Checks for pending migrations before tests are run.
# If you are not using ActiveRecord, you can remove this line.
ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending! if defined?(ActiveRecord::Migration)

RSpec.configure do |config|
  # ## Mock Framework
  #
  # If you prefer to use mocha, flexmock or RR, uncomment the appropriate line:
  #
  # config.mock_with :mocha
  # config.mock_with :flexmock
  # config.mock_with :rr

  # Remove this line if you're not using ActiveRecord or ActiveRecord fixtures
  # config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"

  # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
  # examples within a transaction, remove the following line or assign false
  # instead of true.
  config.use_transactional_fixtures = true

  # If true, the base class of anonymous controllers will be inferred
  # automatically. This will be the default behavior in future versions of
  # rspec-rails.
  config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false

  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
  #     --seed 1234
  config.order = "random"

  config.include Devise::TestHelpers, :type => :controller
end

class ActionController::TestCase
  include Devise::TestHelpers
end

Answer 1

我在将 Rails 4.2 和 Ruby 2.2 应用程序升级到 Rails 4.2 和 Rails 2.6 时遇到了这个问题。显然，ActionController::TestResponse 被重用，因此被多次初始化。您可以添加解决方法reading this thread，或者直接创建spec/support/action_controller_workaround.rb：

if RUBY_VERSION>='2.6.0'
  if Rails.version < '5'
    class ActionController::TestResponse < ActionDispatch::TestResponse
      def recycle!
        # hack to avoid MonitorMixin double-initialize error:
        @mon_mutex_owner_object_id = nil
        @mon_mutex = nil
        initialize
      end
    end
  else
    puts "Monkeypatch for ActionController::TestResponse no longer needed"
  end
end

Answer 2

尝试将您的 spec_helper 设置为：

# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'rspec/autorun'
require 'capybara/rspec' # NOTE: I DON'T have this but you do...
Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each {|f| require f}
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"
  config.use_transactional_fixtures = true
  config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false
end

Answer 3

我不知道你是否已经找到了解决方案，但我还是来了：

我从昨天开始就面临同样的问题。我发现运行一个 按时间的单一规范或从除一个之外的所有规范中删除“需要”spec_helper“， 它会起作用的。 几分钟前，我发现问题出在 ruby​​ 版本上。

如果您将 ruby​​-2.0.0-p0 升级到 ruby​​-2.0.0-p247，那么问题就会消失！

希望我对您有所帮助。