在 Dokku 上部署 ruby​​ 应用程序：为什么 Bundler 配置强制“不生产”？

Question

使用 Dokku 0.5.3，我在部署 Ruby/Rack 应用程序时遇到问题：Bundler 没有在 :production 组中安装我的 gem。

这是我的 Gemfile：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

ruby '2.3.0'

gem 'bundler'
gem 'sinatra'
gem 'sinatra-contrib'
gem 'json'
gem 'thin'
gem 'instagram'
gem 'data_mapper'
gem 'dm-types',
  :git => 'git://github.com/julienma/dm-types.git',
  :branch => 'gem-v1.2.2-with-frozen-nilclass-fix'

gem 'dm-postgres-adapter', :group => :production

group :development, :test do
  gem 'dm-sqlite-adapter'
  gem 'dotenv'
  gem 'pry'
end

这是我将 repo 推送到 dokku 时的输出：

Counting objects: 114, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (91/91), done.
Writing objects: 100% (114/114), 13.76 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 114 (delta 53), reused 0 (delta 0)
-----> Cleaning up...
-----> Building my-app from herokuish...
-----> Adding BUILD_ENV to build environment...
-----> Ruby app detected
-----> Compiling Ruby/Rack
-----> Using Ruby version: ruby-2.3.0
-----> Installing dependencies using bundler 1.11.2
       Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4 --deployment
       Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
       Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/...
       Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
       Fetching git://github.com/julienma/dm-types.git
       Installing bcrypt 3.1.11 with native extensions
       Installing backports 3.6.8
       Installing addressable 2.4.0
       Installing daemons 1.2.3
       Using json 1.8.3
       Installing fastercsv 1.5.5
       Installing json_pure 1.8.3
       Installing multi_json 1.11.2
       Installing stringex 1.5.1
       Installing uuidtools 2.1.5
       Installing multipart-post 2.0.0
       Installing eventmachine 1.2.0.1 with native extensions
       Installing hashie 3.4.3
       Installing rack 1.6.4
       Installing tilt 2.0.2
       Using bundler 1.11.2
       Installing bcrypt-ruby 3.1.5
       Installing dm-core 1.2.1
       Installing faraday 0.9.2
       Installing rack-protection 1.5.3
       Installing rack-test 0.6.3
       Installing faraday_middleware 0.9.2
       Installing dm-aggregates 1.2.0
       Installing dm-constraints 1.2.0
       Installing dm-migrations 1.2.0
       Installing dm-serializer 1.2.2
       Installing dm-transactions 1.2.0
       Using dm-types 1.2.2 from git://github.com/julienma/dm-types.git (at gem-v1.2.2-with-frozen-nilclass-fix@b34937c)
       Installing dm-timestamps 1.2.0
       Installing dm-validations 1.2.0
       Installing sinatra 1.4.7
       Installing instagram 1.1.6
       Installing sinatra-contrib 1.4.6
       Installing data_mapper 1.2.0
       Installing thin 1.6.4 with native extensions
       Bundle complete! 12 Gemfile dependencies, 35 gems now installed.
       Gems in the groups development, test and production were not installed.
       Bundled gems are installed into ./vendor/bundle.
       Bundle completed (42.90s)
       Cleaning up the bundler cache.

---
       addons: []
       config_vars:
       LANG: en_US.UTF-8
       RACK_ENV: production
       default_process_types:
       rake: bundle exec rake
       console: bundle exec irb
       web: bundle exec thin start -R config.ru -e $RACK_ENV -p $PORT
-----> Discovering process types
       Procfile declares types -> web
-----> Releasing my-app (dokku/my-app:latest)...
-----> Deploying my-app (dokku/my-app:latest)...
-----> Attempting to run scripts.dokku.predeploy from app.json (if defined)
-----> App Procfile file found (/home/dokku/my-app/DOKKU_PROCFILE)
-----> DOKKU_SCALE file not found in app image. Generating one based on Procfile...
-----> New DOKKU_SCALE file generated
=====> web=1
-----> Running pre-flight checks
       For more efficient zero downtime deployments, create a file CHECKS.
       See http://dokku.viewdocs.io/dokku/checks-examples.md for examples
       CHECKS file not found in container: Running simple container check...
-----> Waiting for 10 seconds ...
remote: App container failed to start!!
=====> my-app web container output:
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/backports-3.6.8/lib/backports/std_lib.rb:9:in `require': cannot load such file -- dm-postgres-adapter (LoadError)
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/backports-3.6.8/lib/backports/std_lib.rb:9:in `require_with_backports'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/dm-core-1.2.1/lib/dm-core/adapters.rb:163:in `load_adapter'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/dm-core-1.2.1/lib/dm-core/adapters.rb:133:in `adapter_class'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/dm-core-1.2.1/lib/dm-core/adapters.rb:13:in `new'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/dm-core-1.2.1/lib/dm-core.rb:230:in `setup'
        from /app/controllers/app.rb:38:in `<top (required)>'
        from /app/config.ru:1:in `require'
        from /app/config.ru:1:in `block in <main>'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `instance_eval'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `initialize'
        from /app/config.ru:1:in `new'
        from /app/config.ru:1:in `<main>'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/thin-1.6.4/lib/rack/adapter/loader.rb:33:in `eval'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/thin-1.6.4/lib/rack/adapter/loader.rb:33:in `load'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/thin-1.6.4/lib/rack/adapter/loader.rb:42:in `for'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/thin-1.6.4/lib/thin/controllers/controller.rb:170:in `load_adapter'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/thin-1.6.4/lib/thin/controllers/controller.rb:74:in `start'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/thin-1.6.4/lib/thin/runner.rb:200:in `run_command'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/thin-1.6.4/lib/thin/runner.rb:156:in `run!'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/thin-1.6.4/bin/thin:6:in `<top (required)>'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/thin:23:in `load'
        from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/thin:23:in `<main>'
       Using rack adapter
=====> end my-app web container output
To ssh://dokku@my-host.com:22/my-app
 ! [remote rejected] patch-dm-postgres-adapter-deploy -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'ssh://dokku@my-host.com:22/my-app'

ruby 错误是因为它不能要求dm-postgres-adapter，因为它的gem 尚未安装。 Bundler 还声明Gems in the groups development, test and production were not installed.。

这是我所知道的：

• 我确实有一个包含BUNDLE_WITHOUT: production 的本地.bundler/config，但这是.gitignore'd。

• 在 dokku 实例上，这是 dokku run my-app bundle config 给我的：

  Settings are listed in order of priority. The top value will be used.
  without
  Set for your local app (/app/.bundle/config): "development:test:production"
  Set via BUNDLE_WITHOUT: "development:test"
  Set for the current user (/app/.bundle/config): "development:test:production"
  ...
  

我可以理解without 子句的development:test 来自哪里，但我真的不知道production 是如何以及为什么也在那里。

我还尝试在第一次部署之前设置一个 ENV var BUNDLE_WITHOUT: development:test。它已被考虑在内，但它前面是本地捆绑器配置，它已经排除了production。

---

我通过手动编辑/home/dokku/my-app/cache/.bundle/config 并删除production 解决了这个问题：

    BUNDLE_WITHOUT: development:test

再次推送后，Bundler成功安装了我的production gem。

但我不想手动编辑服务器上的配置文件以使其工作。

所以，问题：

• 为什么在 Dokku 上部署时，Bundler 会忽略 production 组？
• 如何强制安装我的production gem？

谢谢！

Answer 1

我们使用 heroku buildpack，所以最新的 buildpack 可能在设置正确的默认值方面存在问题？