RSpec：哪个是测试授权的正确位置？

Question

我应该在哪里使用 RSpec 测试授权？

当您使用 RSpec 创建 Rails 应用程序时，似乎有三个文件夹就足够了：

• 规范/路由
• 规格/要求
• 规格/控制器

如果用户登录，我应该在哪一个测试？我应该测试一种以上的规范类型吗？

Answer 1

您的问题存在细微差别。 Authorization 通常是指用户在应用程序中拥有的权限。 Authentication 推荐用户注册和登录用户。

就Authentication 而言，我通常更喜欢使用integration/requests 规格或acceptance/feature specs。最近首选功能规格，因为 Capybara DSL（page 和 visit）仅在功能规格中可用。在 2.x 升级之前，它们曾经在请求规范中被允许。

我将测试注册、登录和退出等内容。例如，

# signing_up_spec.rb

feature 'Signing up' do
  scenario 'Successful sign up' do
    visit '/'
    within 'nav' do
      click_link 'Sign up'
    end
    fill_in "Email", :with => "user@ticketee.com"
    fill_in "Password", :with => "password"
    fill_in "Password confirmation", :with => "password"
    click_button "Sign up"
    page.should have_content("Please open the link to activate your account.")
  end
end

这使您可以测试更高级别的方面，并让您看到应用程序中的不同组件（控制器、视图等）协同工作。根据定义，这是一个集成/验收测试。我会为signing_in_spec.rb 和signing_out_spec.rb 做同样的事情

现在对于Authorization，我会选择使用控制器规格。这允许您测试用户有权访问的各个操作。这些控制器规范本质上更加细化，并且根据定义是单元/功能测试。例如，假设您有一个票据资源，并且您想测试只有某些用户才能访问某些特定功能

# tickets_controller_spec.rb

describe TicketsController do
  let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:confirmed_user) }
  let(:project) { FactoryGirl.create(:project) }
  let(:ticket) { FactoryGirl.create(:ticket, :project => project,
                                  :user => user) }

  context "standard users" do
    it "cannot access a ticket for a project" do
      sign_in(:user, user)
      get :show, :id => ticket.id, :project_id => project.id
      response.should redirect_to(root_path)
      flash[:alert].should eql("The project you were looking for could not be found.")
    end

    context "with permission to view the project" do
      before do
        sign_in(:user, user)
        define_permission!(user, "view", project)
      end

      def cannot_create_tickets!
        response.should redirect_to(project)
        flash[:alert].should eql("You cannot create tickets on this project.")
      end

      def cannot_update_tickets!
        response.should redirect_to(project)
        flash[:alert].should eql("You cannot edit tickets on this project.")
      end

      it "cannot begin to create a ticket" do
        get :new, :project_id => project.id
        cannot_create_tickets!
      end

      it "cannot create a ticket without permission" do
        post :create, :project_id => project.id
        cannot_create_tickets!
      end

      it "cannot edit a ticket without permission" do
        get :edit, { :project_id => project.id, :id => ticket.id }
        cannot_update_tickets!
      end

      it "cannot update a ticket without permission" do
        put :update, { :project_id => project.id,
                       :id => ticket.id,
                       :ticket => {}
                     }
        cannot_update_tickets!
      end

      it "cannot delete a ticket without permission" do
        delete :destroy, { :project_id => project.id, :id => ticket.id }
        response.should redirect_to(project)
        flash[:alert].should eql("You cannot delete tickets from this project.")
      end

      it "can create tickets, but not tag them" do
        Permission.create(:user => user, :thing => project, :action => "create tickets")
        post :create, :ticket => { :title => "New ticket!",
                                   :description => "Brand spankin' new",
                                   :tag_names => "these are tags"
                                 },
                      :project_id => project.id
        Ticket.last.tags.should be_empty
      end
    end
  end
end

我发现rspec-rails、capybara 和factory_girl_rails 的组合在 Rails 应用程序中的两种类型的测试中都表现良好。

以上示例取自Rails3Book repo on github。查看 repo 以获取更多示例。这是在测试 Rails 应用程序时了解您的可能性的好方法。