ImportError：无法导入名称 md5

Question

真的不知道这里发生了什么，我需要在弹性豆茎上部署我的烧瓶应用程序，但不知何故改变了路径，无法再运行 python application.py

[dotnet --info]
.NET Core SDK (reflecting any global.json):
 Version:   2.1.701
 Commit:    8cf7278aa1

Runtime Environment:
 OS Name:     Mac OS X
 OS Version:  10.14
 OS Platform: Darwin
 RID:         osx.10.14-x64
 Base Path:   /usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/2.1.701/

Host (useful for support):
  Version: 2.1.12
  Commit:  ccea2e606d

[brew -v]
Homebrew 2.2.0
Homebrew/homebrew-core (git revision 43ad0; last commit 2019-11-30)

我也已经完成了这些步骤：

LDFLAGS:  -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib
CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include

仍然出现此错误：

File "/Users/ipchelsea/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 8, in <module>
    from hashlib import md5, sha1, sha256
ImportError: cannot import name md5

当我执行 [brew link --force openssl] 时，我得到以下信息：

Warning: Refusing to link macOS-provided software: openssl@1.1

ERROR:root:code for hash md5 was not found.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 147, in <module>
    globals()[__func_name] = __get_hash(__func_name)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 97, in __get_builtin_constructor
    raise ValueError('unsupported hash type ' + name)
ValueError: unsupported hash type md5
ERROR:root:code for hash sha1 was not found.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 147, in <module>
    globals()[__func_name] = __get_hash(__func_name)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 97, in __get_builtin_constructor
    raise ValueError('unsupported hash type ' + name)
ValueError: unsupported hash type sha1
ERROR:root:code for hash sha224 was not found.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 147, in <module>
    globals()[__func_name] = __get_hash(__func_name)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 97, in __get_builtin_constructor
    raise ValueError('unsupported hash type ' + name)
ValueError: unsupported hash type sha224
ERROR:root:code for hash sha256 was not found.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 147, in <module>
    globals()[__func_name] = __get_hash(__func_name)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 97, in __get_builtin_constructor
    raise ValueError('unsupported hash type ' + name)
ValueError: unsupported hash type sha256
ERROR:root:code for hash sha384 was not found.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 147, in <module>
    globals()[__func_name] = __get_hash(__func_name)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 97, in __get_builtin_constructor
    raise ValueError('unsupported hash type ' + name)
ValueError: unsupported hash type sha384
ERROR:root:code for hash sha512 was not found.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 147, in <module>
    globals()[__func_name] = __get_hash(__func_name)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.16/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 97, in __get_builtin_constructor
    raise ValueError('unsupported hash type ' + name)
ValueError: unsupported hash type sha512
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "application.py", line 4, in <module>
    import urllib3
  File "/Users/ipchelsea/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .connectionpool import (
  File "/Users/ipchelsea/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 29, in <module>
    from .connection import (
  File "/Users/ipchelsea/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 38, in <module>
    from .util.ssl_ import (
  File "/Users/ipchelsea/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/util/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
    from .ssl_ import (
  File "/Users/ipchelsea/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 8, in <module>
    from hashlib import md5, sha1, sha256
ImportError: cannot import name md5

Answer 1

我使用的是 macOS，请通过 brew unlink openssl && brew reinstall python@2 解决此问题

---

根据评论，python@2 不再可用。这可能有效brew unlink openssl && brew reinstall https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/86a44a0a552c673a05f11018459c9f5faae3becc/Formula/python@2.rb

Answer 2

我个人使用并推荐pyenv 来管理 Python 版本。起初我不确定如何解决这个问题，并尝试按照建议的here 使用brew 重新安装。但是，我随后回忆起我曾使用pyenv 进行安装，因此我能够修复我的错误。

pyenv install -f 2.7.15

-f 选项会强制安装该版本，即使它已经存在于您的系统中。您需要使用2.7.16 或您希望使用的任何版本。

pyenv 使用的python-build 将使用来自brew 的openssl 库（如果可用）。

Answer 3

我在Python 2.7.14 收到此错误。升级到2.7.17 为我解决了这个问题。

Answer 4

我使用的是 macOS，您可以使用 brew uninstall python@2 卸载 python2 在此之后，您可以安装使用 brew install {username}/python2/python@2.7.17