Ruby SQLite3 OCRA 可执行文件缺少 sqlite_native.so

Question

我正在尝试使用 OCRA 打包以下 ruby​​ 脚本（我使用的是 Windows 10，Ruby 2.6）：

require 'sqlite3'

puts SQLite3::VERSION

在 cmd 中运行它可以正常工作：

C:\Users\monday\Documents\projects\sqlite3_test>script.rb
1.4.2

当我通过以下方式打包script.rb时：

ocra --gem-full=sqlite3 --dll sqlite3.dll script.rb --output script.exe --verbose

根据 SO 和 GitHub 上的各种建议，我已将 sqlite3.dll 和 sqlite3.def 添加到我的 PATH 和 C:\Ruby26-x64\bin。

这是我运行生成的script.exe 时弹出的错误：

C:\Users\monday\Documents\projects\sqlite3_test>script.exe
Traceback (most recent call last):
        2: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/src/script.rb:1:in `<main>'
        1: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- sqlite3 (LoadError)
        6: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/src/script.rb:1:in `<main>'
        5: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:34:in `require'
        4: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:130:in `rescue in require'
        3: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:130:in `require'
        2: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
        1: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- sqlite3/2.6/sqlite3_native (LoadError)
        7: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/src/script.rb:1:in `<main>'
        6: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:34:in `require'
        5: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:130:in `rescue in require'
        4: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:130:in `require'
        3: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
        2: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3.rb:6:in `rescue in <top (required)>'
        1: from C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': 126: The specified module could not be found.   - C:/Users/monday/AppData/Local/Temp/ocr7747.tmp/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/sqlite3_native.so (LoadError)

根据 OCRA 的输出判断，我确信 lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/sqlite3_native.so 存在于临时文件夹中：

...
m lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3.rb
m lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/constants.rb
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/database.rb
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/errors.rb
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/pragmas.rb
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/resultset.rb
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/sqlite3_native.so <<< HERE!
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/statement.rb
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/translator.rb
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/value.rb
a lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/lib/sqlite3/version.rb
...

我错过了什么？

Answer 1

经过一番研究，我发现错误消息The specified module could not be found. 表示程序可能缺少所需的 DLL。现在sqlite3_native.so 存在，我推测它是那个缺少DLL 的程序。在其上运行 dumpbin 会得到以下结果：

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community>dumpbin /dependents C:\Ruby26-x64\lib\ruby\gems\2.6.0\gems\sqlite3-1.4.2\lib\sqlite3\sqlite3_native.so
Microsoft (R) COFF/PE Dumper Version 14.22.27905.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.


Dump of file C:\Ruby26-x64\lib\ruby\gems\2.6.0\gems\sqlite3-1.4.2\lib\sqlite3\sqlite3_native.so

File Type: DLL

  Image has the following dependencies:

    x64-msvcrt-ruby260.dll
    KERNEL32.dll
    msvcrt.dll
    libsqlite3-0.dll

...

显然，OCRA 从未检测到libsqlite3-0.dll，因此从未移动到临时文件夹的bin/ 目录中。快速搜索发现libsqlite3-0.dll 确实存在于我的机器上C:\Ruby26-x64\msys64\mingw64\bin。我将其移至 C:\Ruby26-x64\bin，并使用以下选项运行 OCRA：

ocra --dll libsqlite3-0.dll script.rb --output script.exe

后来，我意识到 OCRA 现在能够自行检测到这个 DLL：

=== Adding ruby executable ruby.exe
=== Adding detected DLL C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/ruby_builtin_dlls/libgmp-10.dll
=== Adding detected DLL C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/ruby_builtin_dlls/libffi-6.dll
=== Adding detected DLL C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/libsqlite3-0.dll <<<< HERE!
=== Adding detected DLL C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/ruby_builtin_dlls/libgcc_s_seh-1.dll
=== Adding detected DLL C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/ruby_builtin_dlls/libwinpthread-1.dll
=== Adding detected DLL C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/ruby_builtin_dlls/zlib1.dll
=== Adding detected DLL C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/ruby_builtin_dlls/libssl-1_1-x64.dll
=== Adding detected DLL C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/ruby_builtin_dlls/libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll
=== Adding external manifest C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/ruby_builtin_dlls/ruby_builtin_dlls.manifest

所以，最后：

ocra script.rb --output script.exe

正常工作，不需要sqlite3.dll。

这似乎是一个非常通用的解决方案，因为我可以通过将所需的 DLL 添加到 Ruby 安装的 bin/ 文件夹中来从 OCRA 打包的脚本中运行 puma。