将 rails 从 4.2 升级到 5.2 依赖问题答案

【问题标题】：Upgrade rails from 4.2 to 5.2 dependencies issue将 rails 从 4.2 升级到 5.2 依赖问题
【发布时间】：2018-11-08 09:49:31
【问题描述】：

我是第一次进行此升级，我在第一步就遇到了问题:-(

基本上我想升级项目的 rails 版本，所以我将我的 Gemfile 更改为 rails 5.2 并尝试运行：

bundle update rails

给定here，但我无法更新捆绑包并收到以下错误

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "activerecord":
  In Gemfile:
    rails (~> 5.2) was resolved to 5.2.1.rc1, which depends on
      activerecord (= 5.2.1.rc1)

    schema_plus_views was resolved to 0.3.1, which depends on
      activerecord (~> 4.2)

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rails":
  In Gemfile:
    rails (~> 5.2)

    gaffe was resolved to 1.2.0, which depends on
      rails (>= 4.0.0)

    rails_admin was resolved to 1.3.0, which depends on
      rails (< 6, >= 4.0)

    rails_admin_globalize_field was resolved to 0.4.0, which depends on
      rails (>= 4.2)

    sql-logging was resolved to 3.0.10, which depends on
      rails (>= 4.0)

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rake":
  In Gemfile:
    rake (~> 11.2)

    capistrano (~> 3.6) was resolved to 3.11.0, which depends on
      rake (>= 10.0.0)

    derailed_benchmarks was resolved to 1.3.2, which depends on
      rake (< 13, > 10)

我的 Gemfile 是

source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'pg', platform: :ruby
gem 'schema_plus_views'
gem 'fix-db-schema-conflicts', github: 'davidlibrera/fix-db-schema-conflicts'

# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rake', '~> 11.2'
gem 'rails', '~> 4.2'
# gem 'rb-readline'
# Use postgresql as the database for Active Record
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails'
gem "less-rails", platform: :ruby #Sprockets (what Rails 3.1 uses for its asset pipeline) supports LESS
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier'
# Use CoffeeScript for .js.coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails'
gem "typescript-rails"
# See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
gem "bootstrap-sass"
gem "font-awesome-rails"
gem 'haml'

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
gem "bower-rails"
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
# gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'oj'
gem 'jbuilder'
gem 'angular-rails-templates'
gem 'gaffe'
gem 'color-generator'

# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1'

# we have keep redis client below version 4 until this issue is solved
# https://github.com/antirez/redis/issues/4272
# and we have to keep redis below 3.3.2 until this issue is solved
# https://github.com/redis/redis-rb/issues/650
gem 'redis', '3.3.5', require: %w(redis redis/connection/hiredis)
gem 'hiredis'
gem 'puma'
gem 'puma_worker_killer'
gem "dalli"
gem 'jbuilder_cache_multi'
gem 'globalize', '~> 5.0'
gem 'rack-attack'
gem 'ya2yaml'
gem 'cells-rails'
gem 'cells-erb'

# gem 'highline'
gem 'kaminari'
gem 'nokogiri'

gem 'zss', git: "https://github.com/ISEngineering/zmq-service-suite-ruby", platform: :ruby
gem 'ffi-rzmq', '2.0.4'

gem 'therubyracer'
gem "paperclip", "~> 4.3"
gem 'bootstrap-wysihtml5-rails'
gem 'rails-i18n', '~> 4.0'

# Excel depdendencies
gem 'xlsxtream', '>= 2'

# Excel legacy export
gem 'axlsx_rails', '0.5.1'
gem 'axlsx', git: 'https://github.com/randym/axlsx.git'
gem 'rubyzip', '>= 1.2.1'
gem 'zip-zip'

gem 'devise', '~> 4.2'
gem 'devise-i18n'
gem 'savon', '~> 2.10'

gem 'party_foul', git: 'https://github.com/alexanderadam/party_foul.git', branch: 'bugfix/132-dont-assume-that-exceptions-have-a-backtrace' #'>= 1.5.5'

gem 'ledermann-rails-settings'
gem 'dentaku'
gem 'delayed_job_active_record'
gem 'cancancan'
gem 'rolify'
gem 'rails_admin'
gem 'enumerize'
gem 'rails_admin_settings'
gem 'rails_admin_globalize_field'
gem 'trailblazer-rails'
gem 'premailer-rails'
gem 'bulk_insert'

# for assets that are referenced by libraries in vendor/assets
gem 'non-stupid-digest-assets'

gem 'actionpack-action_caching'
gem 'dotenv-rails'

group :development, :test do
  gem 'database_cleaner'
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'pry'
  gem 'pry-nav'
  gem 'awesome_print'
  gem 'mocha'
  gem 'webmock' # for vcr
  gem 'vcr'
  gem 'chromedriver-helper', '>= 2.1.0'
  gem 'selenium-webdriver', '3.9.0'
  gem 'capybara'
end

group :test do
  gem 'factory_bot_rails'
  gem 'db-query-matchers'
  gem 'capybara-screenshot'
  gem 'fakeredis',  require: 'fakeredis/rspec'
end

group :development do
  gem 'i18n-tasks'
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'letter_opener'
  gem 'derailed_benchmarks'
  gem 'sql-logging'
  gem 'rubocop'
  gem 'rubocop-rspec'
  gem 'fasterer'
  gem 'better_errors'
  gem 'binding_of_caller'
  gem 'activerecord-colored_log_subscriber' # this won't be required with rails 5 anymore

  # Use Capistrano for deployment
  gem 'capistrano',  '~> 3.6'
  gem 'capistrano-rbenv', '~> 2.0'
  gem 'capistrano-bundler', '~> 1.1.2'
  gem 'capistrano-rails'
  gem 'capistrano3-puma', github: "seuros/capistrano-puma"
  gem 'capistrano3-delayed-job', '~> 1.0'

end

group :profile do
  gem 'ruby-prof'
end

gem 'sdoc', group: :doc
gem 'sshkit' # is needed to load tasks on server

我该怎么办？

【问题讨论】：

您链接到的指南用于将 4.2 升级到 5.0（不是 5.2）。我强烈建议您在从 5.0 跳转到 5.1、5.1 到 5.2 等之前明确地遵循这一点并解决任何依赖问题。
感谢您的评论@ThorTL67。是的，我尝试将其升级到 5.0，但问题是一样的。
您可以将您的Gemfile 添加到问题中吗？
很好的建议@ThorTL67。升级 Rails 版本通常不是一件容易的事。至于您的捆绑程序错误，通常您将根据不同版本的 Rails 使用许多其他 gem。您必须识别这些并遵循这些单个宝石的升级指南（如果有）。例如，schema_plus_views 仅依赖于 Rails 4.2，因此这可能是一个不错的起点。识别依赖问题是您在更新主要 Rails 版本时通常需要执行的众多步骤之一。
确定@Josien 问题已使用我当前的 rails 4.2 gemfile 更新。

标签： ruby-on-rails ruby-on-rails-4 activerecord ruby-on-rails-5

【解决方案1】：

首先，正如 ThorTL67 在 cmets 中指出的那样，逐步更新 Rails 版本是个好主意，而不是一次大的飞跃。这样一来，您的依赖问题就会变得不那么复杂。

通过运行bundle version 检查您使用的Bundler 的版本。如果该版本较旧，则可能是某些依赖项计算不正确，这可能有助于更新 Bundler (gem update bundler)。

然后是您可以从 4.2 更新到“更高版本”的步骤。您得到的错误列表显示了 gem 依赖项之间的冲突。您可以尝试一一解决这些冲突。

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "activerecord":
  In Gemfile:
    rails (~> 5.2) was resolved to 5.2.1.rc1, which depends on
      activerecord (= 5.2.1.rc1)

    schema_plus_views was resolved to 0.3.1, which depends on
      activerecord (~> 4.2)

这个错误非常简单。它告诉您 gem rails 需要 activerecord v5.2.1，但 gem schema_plus_views 需要 activerecord >= 4.2.0 但 explanation of constraints）。那么如何解决这个问题呢？如果您查看schema_plus_views 的源页面，您会发现activerecord v5.2.1 还没有兼容的版本，而且不太可能很快就会出现：Any plan to update this gem to be compatible with rails 5.2?

所以在这种情况下，您有几个选择。将其从您的 Gemfile 中删除，并从您的代码中删除对该 gem 的依赖；检查为您提供所需功能的替代宝石；帮助更新 gem 以支持 rails 5。

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rails":
  In Gemfile:
    rails (~> 5.2)

    gaffe was resolved to 1.2.0, which depends on
      rails (>= 4.0.0)

    rails_admin was resolved to 1.3.0, which depends on
      rails (< 6, >= 4.0)

    rails_admin_globalize_field was resolved to 0.4.0, which depends on
      rails (>= 4.2)

    sql-logging was resolved to 3.0.10, which depends on
      rails (>= 4.0)

我实际上不确定这里有什么问题。这些对rails gem 的依赖似乎并不矛盾，所以我会尝试通过将它们一一注释掉然后再次尝试更新来找出真正的问题。这可能会为您提供更多信息。

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rake":
  In Gemfile:
    rake (~> 11.2)

    capistrano (~> 3.6) was resolved to 3.11.0, which depends on
      rake (>= 10.0.0)

    derailed_benchmarks was resolved to 1.3.2, which depends on
      rake (< 13, > 10)

这似乎也不应该是一个问题。我会尝试将 Gemfile 中的 rake 依赖项从 gem 'rake', '~> 11.2' 更改为 gem 'rake' 并查看依赖项消息会发生什么。

在所有这些步骤之后，您可能会收到不同的错误消息。您必须以相同的方式一一解决它们。不幸的是，没有灵丹妙药，更新 Rails 可能是一个乏味的过程，尤其是当您的应用程序依赖于大量 gem 时。您必须逐个问题地解决此问题，方法是删除您自己对 gem 的依赖，帮助 gem 社区进行维护/更新，或者（最坏的情况）分叉 gem 并自己更改代码以使其再次适用于您的应用程序。祝你好运！

【讨论】：

感谢@josien 的详细回复我已经更新了 rails 5.2 并删除了 schema_plus_views 没有我需要的这个 gem，什么都做不了我正在用 rietta.com/blog/2013/11/28/rails-and-sql-views-for-a-report 创建 sql 视图，但又得到了另一个问题stackoverflow.com/questions/53296233/…也许你也可以帮忙

【解决方案2】：

为了更新您的依赖关系，您可以使用bummr 之类的工具。请务必按照自述文件指定的方式拥有一个良好的测试套件。之后，您可以开始修复兼容性问题、弃用等问题。

【讨论】：