pytest 有一个pytester 插件,用于测试pytest 本身和插件;它在不影响当前测试运行的隔离运行中执行测试。示例:
# conftest.py
import pytest
pytest_plugins = ['pytester']
@pytest.fixture
def spam(request):
yield request.param
fixture spam 有一个问题,它只能用于参数化测试;一旦在未参数化的测试中请求它,它将引发AttributeError。这意味着我们无法通过这样的常规测试对其进行测试:
def test_spam_no_params(spam):
# too late to verify anything - spam already raised in test setup!
# In fact, the body of this test won't be executed at all.
pass
相反,我们使用pytester 插件提供的testdir 夹具在隔离的测试运行中执行测试:
import pathlib
import pytest
# an example on how to load the code from the actual test suite
@pytest.fixture
def read_conftest(request):
return pathlib.Path(request.config.rootdir, 'conftest.py').read_text()
def test_spam_fixture(testdir, read_conftest):
# you can create a test suite by providing file contents in different ways, e.g.
testdir.makeconftest(read_conftest)
testdir.makepyfile(
"""
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize('spam', ('eggs', 'bacon'), indirect=True)
def test_spam_parametrized(spam):
assert spam in ['eggs', 'bacon']
def test_spam_no_params(spam):
assert True
""")
result = testdir.runpytest()
# we should have two passed tests and one failed (unarametrized one)
result.assert_outcomes(passed=3, error=1)
# if we have to, we can analyze the output made by pytest
assert "AttributeError: 'SubRequest' object has no attribute 'param'" in ' '.join(result.outlines)
为测试加载测试代码的另一个方便的可能性是testdir.copy_example 方法。在pytest.ini中设置根路径,例如:
[pytest]
pytester_example_dir = samples_for_fixture_tests
norecursedirs = samples_for_fixture_tests
现在使用内容创建文件samples_for_fixture_tests/test_spam_fixture/test_x.py:
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize('spam', ('eggs', 'bacon'), indirect=True)
def test_spam_parametrized(spam):
assert spam in ['eggs', 'bacon']
def test_spam_no_params(spam):
assert True
(与之前作为字符串传递给testdir.makepyfile 的代码相同)。上面的测试改为:
def test_spam_fixture(testdir, read_conftest):
testdir.makeconftest(read_conftest)
# pytest will now copy everything from samples_for_fixture_tests/test_spam_fixture
testdir.copy_example()
testdir.runpytest().assert_outcomes(passed=3, error=1)
这样,您不必在测试中将 Python 代码作为字符串维护,还可以通过使用 pytester 运行现有的测试模块来重用它们。您还可以通过pytester_example_path 标记配置测试数据根:
@pytest.mark.pytester_example_path('fizz')
def test_fizz(testdir):
testdir.copy_example('buzz.txt')
将查找相对于项目根目录的文件fizz/buzz.txt。
如需更多示例,请务必查看 pytest 文档中的 Testing plugins 部分;此外,您可能会发现 my other answer 对问题 How can I test if a pytest fixture raises an exception? 很有帮助,因为它包含该主题的另一个工作示例。我还发现直接研究 Testdir code 非常有帮助,遗憾的是 pytest 没有提供详尽的文档,但代码几乎是自我记录的。