【发布时间】:2019-07-02 00:04:31
【问题描述】:
我需要一些帮助来了解在 Keras 中拟合模型时如何计算准确性。 这是训练模型的示例历史记录:
Train on 340 samples, validate on 60 samples
Epoch 1/100
340/340 [==============================] - 5s 13ms/step - loss: 0.8081 - acc: 0.7559 - val_loss: 0.1393 - val_acc: 1.0000
Epoch 2/100
340/340 [==============================] - 3s 9ms/step - loss: 0.7815 - acc: 0.7647 - val_loss: 0.1367 - val_acc: 1.0000
Epoch 3/100
340/340 [==============================] - 3s 10ms/step - loss: 0.8042 - acc: 0.7706 - val_loss: 0.1370 - val_acc: 1.0000
...
Epoch 25/100
340/340 [==============================] - 3s 9ms/step - loss: 0.6006 - acc: 0.8029 - val_loss: 0.2418 - val_acc: 0.9333
Epoch 26/100
340/340 [==============================] - 3s 9ms/step - loss: 0.5799 - acc: 0.8235 - val_loss: 0.3004 - val_acc: 0.8833
那么,第一个 epoch 的验证准确度是 1?验证准确率如何优于训练准确率?
这些数字显示了准确度和损失的所有值:
然后我使用 sklearn 指标来评估最终结果:
def evaluate(predicted_outcome, expected_outcome):
f1_score = metrics.f1_score(expected_outcome, predicted_outcome, average='weighted')
balanced_accuracy_score = metrics.balanced_accuracy_score(expected_outcome, predicted_outcome)
print('****************************')
print('| MODEL PERFORMANCE REPORT |')
print('****************************')
print('Average F1 score = {:0.2f}.'.format(f1_score))
print('Balanced accuracy score = {:0.2f}.'.format(balanced_accuracy_score))
print('Confusion matrix')
print(metrics.confusion_matrix(expected_outcome, predicted_outcome))
print('Other metrics')
print(metrics.classification_report(expected_outcome, predicted_outcome))
我得到了这个输出(如你所见,结果很糟糕):
****************************
| MODEL PERFORMANCE REPORT |
****************************
Average F1 score = 0.25.
Balanced accuracy score = 0.32.
Confusion matrix
[[ 7 24 2 40]
[ 11 70 4 269]
[ 0 0 0 48]
[ 0 0 0 6]]
Other metrics
precision recall f1-score support
0 0.39 0.10 0.15 73
1 0.74 0.20 0.31 354
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 48
3 0.02 1.00 0.03 6
micro avg 0.17 0.17 0.17 481
macro avg 0.29 0.32 0.12 481
weighted avg 0.61 0.17 0.25 481
为什么 Keras 拟合函数的准确率和损失值与 sklearn 指标的值相差如此之大?
这是我的模型,以防万一:
model = Sequential()
model.add(LSTM(
units=100, # the number of hidden states
return_sequences=True,
input_shape=(timestamps,nb_features),
dropout=0.2,
recurrent_dropout=0.2
)
)
model.add(Dropout(0.2))
model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(units=nb_classes,
activation='softmax'))
model.compile(loss="categorical_crossentropy",
metrics = ['accuracy'],
optimizer='adadelta')
输入数据维度:
400 train sequences
481 test sequences
X_train shape: (400, 20, 17)
X_test shape: (481, 20, 17)
y_train shape: (400, 4)
y_test shape: (481, 4)
这就是我应用 sklearn 指标的方式:
testPredict = model.predict(np.array(X_test))
y_test = np.argmax(y_test.values, axis=1)
y_pred = np.argmax(testPredict, axis=1)
evaluate(y_pred, y_test)
我好像错过了什么。
【问题讨论】:
标签: python machine-learning keras scikit-learn neural-network