我经常被要求将我原始答案中的想法总结为一个用户友好的函数,能够使用 bs 或 ns 术语重新参数化拟合线性或广义线性模型。最终,我在https://github.com/ZheyuanLi/SplinesUtils 推出了一个小型R 包SplinesUtils(带有PDF 版本的包手册)。你可以通过安装它
## make sure you have the `devtools` package avaiable
devtools::install_github("ZheyuanLi/SplinesUtils")
这里要使用的函数是RegBsplineAsPiecePoly。
library(SplinesUtils)
library(splines)
library(ISLR)
fit.spline <- lm(wage ~ bs(age, knots=c(42), degree=2), data = Wage)
ans1 <- RegBsplineAsPiecePoly(fit.spline, "bs(age, knots = c(42), degree = 2)")
ans1
#2 piecewise polynomials of degree 2 are constructed!
#Use 'summary' to export all of them.
#The first 2 are printed below.
#8.2e-15 + 4.96 * (x - 18) + 0.0991 * (x - 18) ^ 2
#61.9 + 0.2 * (x - 42) + 0.0224 * (x - 42) ^ 2
## coefficients as a matrix
ans1$PiecePoly$coef
# [,1] [,2]
#[1,] 8.204641e-15 61.91542748
#[2,] 4.959286e+00 0.20033307
#[3,] -9.914485e-02 -0.02240887
## knots
ans1$knots
#[1] 18 42 80
该函数默认以移位形式参数化分段多项式(请参阅?PiecePoly)。您可以为非移位版本设置shift = FALSE。
ans2 <- RegBsplineAsPiecePoly(fit.spline, "bs(age, knots = c(42), degree = 2)",
shift = FALSE)
ans2
#2 piecewise polynomials of degree 2 are constructed!
#Use 'summary' to export all of them.
#The first 2 are printed below.
#-121 + 8.53 * x + 0.0991 * x ^ 2
#14 + 2.08 * x + 0.0224 * x ^ 2
## coefficients as a matrix
ans2$PiecePoly$coef
# [,1] [,2]
#[1,] -121.39007747 13.97219046
#[2,] 8.52850050 2.08267822
#[3,] -0.09914485 -0.02240887
您可以使用predict 预测样条线。
xg <- 18:80
yg1 <- predict(ans1, xg) ## use shifted form
yg2 <- predict(ans2, xg) ## use non-shifted form
all.equal(yg1, yg2)
#[1] TRUE
但由于模型中存在截距,因此预测值与模型预测的截距不同。
yh <- predict(fit.spline, data.frame(age = xg))
intercept <- coef(fit.spline)[[1]]
all.equal(yh, yg1 + intercept, check.attributes = FALSE)
#[1] TRUE
该包具有用于“PiecePoly”类的summary、print、plot、predict 和solve 方法。了解更多信息。