选择其中包含特定标签的 XML 标签

Question

我正在使用 ElementTree 使用 Python 解析 xml 文件，我需要选择下面的标签，如 <PostalAddressText>，其中包含 <insert> 等标签。我怎么做？我需要得到满足条件的xml文件中所有相关标签名的列表。

这是我正在解析的 XML 片段（除内部标记外的实际文本已替换为 Lorem Ipsum）：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <PostalAddressText>123456,
    <insert>
</insert>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, <insert>
</insert>consectetur adipiscing elit.<insert>
</insert>Etiam cursus ligula non malesuada fringilla.<delete> </delete><insert>
</insert>Quisque porta quam eu finibus pulvinar.<delete>or</delete><insert>er</insert> Mauris at semper urna.<delete>a</delete><insert>o</insert> Donec feugiat<delete>arcu purus</delete><insert>et lacinia</insert></PostalAddressText>
    <PersonNameText>789012,
    <insert>
</insert>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, <insert>
</insert>consectetur adipiscing elit.<insert>
</insert>Etiam cursus ligula non malesuada fringilla.<delete> </delete><insert>
</insert>Quisque porta quam eu finibus pulvinar.<delete>or</delete><insert>er</insert> Mauris at semper urna.<delete>a</delete><insert>o</insert> Donec feugiat<delete>arcu purus</delete><insert>et lacinia</insert>
    </PersonNameText>
</data>

我已经尝试过了，但没有任何东西打印到控制台：

test_data = root.findall(".//")
for el in test_data:
    if el.text == '*<insert>*':
        print(el.tag, el.text)

Answer 1

不确定您的预期输出是什么，但请查看下面的代码和输出

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

xml = '''<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <PostalAddressText>123456,
    <insert>
</insert>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, <insert>
</insert>consectetur adipiscing elit.<insert>
</insert>Etiam cursus ligula non malesuada fringilla.<delete> </delete><insert>
</insert>Quisque porta quam eu finibus pulvinar.<delete>or</delete><insert>er</insert> Mauris at semper urna.<delete>a</delete><insert>o</insert> Donec feugiat<delete>arcu purus</delete><insert>et lacinia</insert></PostalAddressText>
    <PersonNameText>789012,
    <insert>
</insert>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, <insert>
</insert>consectetur adipiscing elit.<insert>
</insert>Etiam cursus ligula non malesuada fringilla.<delete> </delete><insert>
</insert>Quisque porta quam eu finibus pulvinar.<delete>or</delete><insert>er</insert> Mauris at semper urna.<delete>a</delete><insert>o</insert> Donec feugiat<delete>arcu purus</delete><insert>et lacinia</insert>
    </PersonNameText>
</data>'''

root = ET.fromstring(xml)
for idx, insert in enumerate(root.findall('.//insert'), 1):
    print(f'{idx}) {insert.text}  {insert.tail}')

输出

1) 
  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, 
2) 
  consectetur adipiscing elit.
3) 
  Etiam cursus ligula non malesuada fringilla.
4) 
  Quisque porta quam eu finibus pulvinar.
5) er   Mauris at semper urna.
6) o   Donec feugiat
7) et lacinia  None
8) 
  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, 
9) 
  consectetur adipiscing elit.
10) 
  Etiam cursus ligula non malesuada fringilla.
11) 
  Quisque porta quam eu finibus pulvinar.
12) er   Mauris at semper urna.
13) o   Donec feugiat
14) et lacinia  

Answer 2

我通过以下代码得到了我需要的结果（我的想法来自@balderman）：

for el in root.findall('.//*[insert]'): 
    print(el.tag)

这给了我标签的名称。