用于播放固定频率声音的 Python 库

Question

我家里有蚊子问题。这通常与程序员社区无关；然而，我见过一些声称通过播放 17Khz 音调来阻止这些讨厌的生物的设备。我想用我的笔记本电脑来做这个。

一种方法是创建一个带有单一固定频率音调 (This can easily done by audacity)、opening it with a python library 的 MP3 并反复播放。

第二个是使用计算机内置扬声器播放声音。我正在寻找类似于 QBasic Sound 的东西：

SOUND 17000, 100

有没有相应的python库？

Answer 1

PyAudiere 是一个简单的跨平台解决方案：

>>> import audiere
>>> d = audiere.open_device()
>>> t = d.create_tone(17000) # 17 KHz
>>> t.play() # non-blocking call
>>> import time
>>> time.sleep(5)
>>> t.stop()

pyaudiere.org 消失了。 The site 和 Python 2（debian、windows）的二进制安装程序可通过回路机器获得，例如 here's source code pyaudiere-0.2.tar.gz。

为了在 Linux、Windows、OSX 上同时支持 Python 2 和 3，可以改用pyaudio module：

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Play a fixed frequency sound."""
from __future__ import division
import math

from pyaudio import PyAudio # sudo apt-get install python{,3}-pyaudio

try:
    from itertools import izip
except ImportError: # Python 3
    izip = zip
    xrange = range

def sine_tone(frequency, duration, volume=1, sample_rate=22050):
    n_samples = int(sample_rate * duration)
    restframes = n_samples % sample_rate

    p = PyAudio()
    stream = p.open(format=p.get_format_from_width(1), # 8bit
                    channels=1, # mono
                    rate=sample_rate,
                    output=True)
    s = lambda t: volume * math.sin(2 * math.pi * frequency * t / sample_rate)
    samples = (int(s(t) * 0x7f + 0x80) for t in xrange(n_samples))
    for buf in izip(*[samples]*sample_rate): # write several samples at a time
        stream.write(bytes(bytearray(buf)))

    # fill remainder of frameset with silence
    stream.write(b'\x80' * restframes)

    stream.stop_stream()
    stream.close()
    p.terminate()

例子：

sine_tone(
    # see http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/notefreqs.html
    frequency=440.00, # Hz, waves per second A4
    duration=3.21, # seconds to play sound
    volume=.01, # 0..1 how loud it is
    # see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_rate#Audio
    sample_rate=22050 # number of samples per second
)

它是this AskUbuntu answer 的修改版（以支持 Python 3）。

Answer 2

您可以使用 SDL (Simple Direct Media Library) 的 Python binding。

Answer 3

模块 winsound 包含在 Python 中，因此无需安装外部库，它应该可以满足您的需求（仅此而已）。

 import winsound
 winsound.Beep(17000, 100)

它非常简单易用，但仅适用于 Windows。

但是：
这个问题的完整答案应该注意，虽然这种方法会产生声音，但它不会阻止蚊子。它已经过测试：见here 和here

Answer 4

我将代码放在这里是因为它可以帮助程序员清楚地了解代码的工作原理。解释在代码本身：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import pyaudio
import struct
import math

FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16
CHANNELS = 2
RATE = 44100

p = pyaudio.PyAudio()


def data_for_freq(frequency: float, time: float = None):
    """get frames for a fixed frequency for a specified time or
    number of frames, if frame_count is specified, the specified
    time is ignored"""
    frame_count = int(RATE * time)

    remainder_frames = frame_count % RATE
    wavedata = []

    for i in range(frame_count):
        a = RATE / frequency  # number of frames per wave
        b = i / a
        # explanation for b
        # considering one wave, what part of the wave should this be
        # if we graph the sine wave in a
        # displacement vs i graph for the particle
        # where 0 is the beginning of the sine wave and
        # 1 the end of the sine wave
        # which part is "i" is denoted by b
        # for clarity you might use
        # though this is redundant since math.sin is a looping function
        # b = b - int(b)

        c = b * (2 * math.pi)
        # explanation for c
        # now we map b to between 0 and 2*math.PI
        # since 0 - 2*PI, 2*PI - 4*PI, ...
        # are the repeating domains of the sin wave (so the decimal values will
        # also be mapped accordingly,
        # and the integral values will be multiplied
        # by 2*PI and since sin(n*2*PI) is zero where n is an integer)
        d = math.sin(c) * 32767
        e = int(d)
        wavedata.append(e)

    for i in range(remainder_frames):
        wavedata.append(0)

    number_of_bytes = str(len(wavedata))  
    wavedata = struct.pack(number_of_bytes + 'h', *wavedata)

    return wavedata


def play(frequency: float, time: float):
    """
    play a frequency for a fixed time!
    """
    frames = data_for_freq(frequency, time)
    stream = p.open(format=FORMAT, channels=CHANNELS, rate=RATE, output=True)
    stream.write(frames)
    stream.stop_stream()
    stream.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    play(400, 1)

Answer 5

我简化了 jfs 对 Python3.6+ 的回答并做了一些小的改进：

import math
from pyaudio import PyAudio, paUInt8

def generate_sine_wave(frequency, duration, volume=0.2, sample_rate=22050):
    ''' Generate a tone at the given frequency.

        Limited to unsigned 8-bit samples at a given sample_rate.
        The sample rate should be at least double the frequency.
    '''
    if sample_rate < (frequency * 2):
        print('Warning: sample_rate must be at least double the frequency '
              f'to accurately represent it:\n    sample_rate {sample_rate}'
              f' ≯ {frequency*2} (frequency {frequency}*2)')

    num_samples = int(sample_rate * duration)
    rest_frames = num_samples % sample_rate

    pa = PyAudio()
    stream = pa.open(
        format=paUInt8,
        channels=1,  # mono
        rate=sample_rate,
        output=True,
    )

    # make samples
    s = lambda i: volume * math.sin(2 * math.pi * frequency * i / sample_rate)
    samples = (int(s(i) * 0x7F + 0x80) for i in range(num_samples))

    # write several samples at a time
    for buf in zip( *([samples] * sample_rate) ):
        stream.write(bytes(buf))

    # fill remainder of frameset with silence
    stream.write(b'\x80' * rest_frames)

    stream.stop_stream()
    stream.close()
    pa.terminate()

generate_sine_wave(
    # see http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/notefreqs.html
    frequency=523.25,   # Hz, waves per second C6
    duration=1.2,       # seconds to play sound
    volume=0.25,        # 0..1 how loud it is
    sample_rate=22050,  # number of samples per second: 11025, 22050, 44100
)