如何在 pycurl 中连接到 HTTPS 代理（安全 Web 代理）？

Question

我正在尝试使用 pycurl 连接到 secure web proxy。在尝试设置适当的代理类型时，这些选项可用，它们对应于 curl 代理选项（在括号中）：

 - "PROXYTYPE_HTTP" (CURLPROXY_HTTP)
 - "PROXYTYPE_HTTP_1_0" (CURLPROXY_HTTP_1_0)
 - "PROXYTYPE_SOCKS4" (CURLPROXY_SOCKS4)
 - "PROXYTYPE_SOCKS4A" (CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A)
 - "PROXYTYPE_SOCKS5" (CURLPROXY_SOCKS5)
 - "PROXYTYPE_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME" (CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME)

但是，还有一个名为 CURLPROXY_HTTPS 的 curl 选项，如 docs 中所述，似乎不可用。

使用普通 curl，我使用此命令连接到代理：

curl --proxy https://proxy-host:proxy-port --proxy-insecure -U username:password https://target.com

一切都按预期工作。但不是 pycurl。

如何在 pycurl 中实现相同的行为？

Answer 1

在suggestion 之后，我在 pycurl github 问题中找到了 CURLPROXY_HTTPS 的选项代码，它是 2。

我能够使用以下代码通过带有 pycurl 的安全 Web 代理发出请求：

import pycurl
from io import BytesIO
import certifi


def request_with_pycurl(username, password, host, port, target_url='https://api.ipify.org/'):
    buffer = BytesIO()
    c = pycurl.Curl()

    c.setopt(pycurl.CAINFO, certifi.where())

    # set proxy-insecure
    c.setopt(c.PROXY_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0)
    c.setopt(c.PROXY_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0)

    # set headers
    c.setopt(pycurl.USERAGENT, 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:8.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/8.0')

    # set proxy
    c.setopt(pycurl.PROXY, f"https://{host}:{port}")

    # proxy auth
    c.setopt(pycurl.PROXYUSERPWD, f"{username}:{password}")

    # set proxy type = "HTTPS"
    c.setopt(pycurl.PROXYTYPE, 2)

    # target url
    c.setopt(c.URL, target_url)

    c.setopt(c.WRITEDATA, buffer)
    c.perform()
    c.close()

    body = buffer.getvalue()
    return body


response = request_with_pycurl("proxy_username", "proxy_password", "proxy_host", "proxy_port").decode()

print(response)

Answer 2

如果以上答案不起作用，其他人来为 crawlera 代理或无密码代理，这里是 Andriy Stolyar answer 的更新，

def request_with_pycurl(username, password, host, port, target_url='http://api.ipify.org/'):
    buffer = BytesIO()
    c = pycurl.Curl()

    c.setopt(pycurl.CAINFO, certifi.where())

    # set proxy-insecure
    c.setopt(c.PROXY_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0)
    c.setopt(c.PROXY_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0)

    # set headers
    c.setopt(pycurl.USERAGENT, 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:8.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/8.0')

    # set proxy
    c.setopt(pycurl.PROXY, f"http://{host}:{port}")

    # proxy auth
    c.setopt(pycurl.PROXYUSERNAME, username)

    # set proxy type = "HTTPS"
    #c.setopt(pycurl.PROXYTYPE, 2)

    # target url
    c.setopt(c.URL, target_url)

    c.setopt(c.WRITEDATA, buffer)
    c.perform()
    c.close()

    body = buffer.getvalue()
    return body


response = request_with_pycurl("KEY:", "", "HOST", "PORT").decode()

print(response)