感谢您提供工作代码。我已经修改了它以获得一些洞察力,后来创建
使用多处理的修改版本。
修改线程版本
所有的修改只是为了得到更多的信息,没有概念上的改变。合而为一
文件mthread.py 并被部分注释。
照常进口:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from timeit import default_timer as timer
import datetime
import random
import threading
import logging
write_samples 得到了一些日志记录:
def write_samples(store, samples, overwrite):
wslog = logging.getLogger("write_samples")
wslog.info("starting")
frame = pd.DataFrame(samples, dtype='float64')
if overwrite:
store.put("df", frame, format='table', index=False)
else:
store.append("df", frame, format='table', index=False)
wslog.info("finished")
begin_io 获得最大持续时间,超过该时间会导致 WARNING 日志条目:
def begin_io(maxduration=500):
iolog = logging.getLogger("begin_io")
iolog.info("starting")
try:
fname = "data/tab" + str(random.randint(0, 100)) + ".h5"
iolog.debug("opening store %s", fname)
with pd.HDFStore(fname, mode='w', complevel=0) as store:
iolog.debug("store %s open", fname)
counter = 0
while True:
data = np.random.rand(50000, 1)
start_time = timer()
write_samples(store, data, counter == 0)
end_time = timer()
duration = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
iolog.debug("IO Done : %s (%.2f ms, %d)",
datetime.datetime.now(),
duration,
counter)
if duration > maxduration:
iolog.warning("Long duration %s", duration)
counter += 1
except Exception:
iolog.exception("oops")
finally:
iolog.info("finished")
dummy_thread 被修改为正确停止并且如果花费太长时间也会发出警告:
def dummy_thread(pill2kill, maxduration=500):
dtlog = logging.getLogger("dummy_thread")
dtlog.info("starting")
try:
previous = timer()
while not pill2kill.wait(0.01):
now = timer()
duration = (now - previous) * 1000
dtlog.info("Dummy Thread : %s (%d ms)",
datetime.datetime.now(),
duration)
if duration > maxduration:
dtlog.warning("Long duration %s", duration)
previous = now
dtlog.debug("stopped looping.")
except Exception:
dtlog.exception("oops")
finally:
dtlog.info("finished")
最后我们称之为。随意修改日志级别,WARNING 显示的次数过多,
INFO 和 DEBUG 提供更多信息。
if __name__ == '__main__':
logformat = '%(asctime)-15s [%(levelname)s] - %(name)s: %(message)s'
logging.basicConfig(format=logformat,
level=logging.WARNING)
pill2kill = threading.Event()
t = threading.Thread(target=dummy_thread, args=(pill2kill, 500))
t.start()
try:
begin_io(500)
finally:
pill2kill.set()
t.join()
运行代码我得到你描述的结果:
2016-04-08 15:29:11,428 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 5169.03591156
2016-04-08 15:29:11,429 [WARNING] - dummy_thread: Long duration 5161.45706177
2016-04-08 15:29:27,305 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 1447.40581512
2016-04-08 15:29:27,306 [WARNING] - dummy_thread: Long duration 1450.75201988
2016-04-08 15:29:32,893 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 1610.98194122
2016-04-08 15:29:32,894 [WARNING] - dummy_thread: Long duration 1612.98394203
2016-04-08 15:29:34,930 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 823.182821274
2016-04-08 15:29:34,930 [WARNING] - dummy_thread: Long duration 815.275907516
2016-04-08 15:29:43,640 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 510.369062424
2016-04-08 15:29:43,640 [WARNING] - dummy_thread: Long duration 511.776924133
从值可以清楚地看出,虽然begin_io 非常繁忙且延迟(可能在数据期间
正在写入磁盘),dummy_thread 也会延迟几乎相同的时间。
多处理版本 - 运行良好
我已经修改了代码以在多个进程中运行,从那时起,它真的没有阻塞
dummy_thread.
2016-04-08 15:38:12,487 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 755.397796631
2016-04-08 15:38:14,127 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 1434.60512161
2016-04-08 15:38:15,725 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 848.396062851
2016-04-08 15:38:24,290 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 1129.17089462
2016-04-08 15:38:25,609 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 1059.08918381
2016-04-08 15:38:31,165 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 646.969079971
2016-04-08 15:38:37,273 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 1699.17201996
2016-04-08 15:38:43,788 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 1555.341959
2016-04-08 15:38:47,765 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 639.196872711
2016-04-08 15:38:54,269 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 1690.57011604
2016-04-08 15:39:06,397 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 1998.33416939
2016-04-08 15:39:16,980 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 2558.51006508
2016-04-08 15:39:21,688 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 1132.73501396
2016-04-08 15:39:26,450 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 876.784801483
2016-04-08 15:39:29,809 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 709.135055542
2016-04-08 15:39:31,748 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 677.506923676
2016-04-08 15:39:41,854 [WARNING] - begin_io: Long duration 770.184993744
多处理的代码在这里:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from timeit import default_timer as timer
import datetime
import random
import multiprocessing
import time
import logging
def write_samples(store, samples, overwrite):
wslog = logging.getLogger("write_samples")
wslog.info("starting")
frame = pd.DataFrame(samples, dtype='float64')
if overwrite:
store.put("df", frame, format='table', index=False)
else:
store.append("df", frame, format='table', index=False)
wslog.info("finished")
def begin_io(pill2kill, maxduration=500):
iolog = logging.getLogger("begin_io")
iolog.info("starting")
try:
fname = "data/tab" + str(random.randint(0, 100)) + ".h5"
iolog.debug("opening store %s", fname)
with pd.HDFStore(fname, mode='w', complevel=0) as store:
iolog.debug("store %s open", fname)
counter = 0
while not pill2kill.wait(0):
data = np.random.rand(50000, 1)
start_time = timer()
write_samples(store, data, counter == 0)
end_time = timer()
duration = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
iolog.debug( "IO Done : %s (%.2f ms, %d)",
datetime.datetime.now(),
duration,
counter)
if duration > maxduration:
iolog.warning("Long duration %s", duration)
counter += 1
except Exception:
iolog.exception("oops")
finally:
iolog.info("finished")
def dummy_thread(pill2kill, maxduration=500):
dtlog = logging.getLogger("dummy_thread")
dtlog.info("starting")
try:
previous = timer()
while not pill2kill.wait(0.01):
now = timer()
duration = (now - previous) * 1000
dtlog.info( "Dummy Thread : %s (%d ms)",
datetime.datetime.now(),
duration)
if duration > maxduration:
dtlog.warning("Long duration %s", duration)
previous = now
dtlog.debug("stopped looping.")
except Exception:
dtlog.exception("oops")
finally:
dtlog.info("finished")
if __name__ == '__main__':
logformat = '%(asctime)-15s [%(levelname)s] - %(name)s: %(message)s'
logging.basicConfig(format=logformat,
level=logging.WARNING)
pill2kill = multiprocessing.Event()
dp = multiprocessing.Process(target=dummy_thread, args=(pill2kill, 500,))
dp.start()
try:
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=begin_io, args=(pill2kill, 500,))
p.start()
time.sleep(100)
finally:
pill2kill.set()
dp.join()
p.join()
结论
将数据写入 HDF5 文件确实会阻塞其他线程,并且需要多处理版本。
如果您希望 dummy_thread 做一些实际工作(例如收集数据以存储),并且您希望
将数据从这里发送到 HDF5 序列化器,您将不得不进行某种消息传递 - 要么使用
multiprocessing.Queue、Pipe 或可能使用 ZeroMQ(例如 PUSH - PULL 套接字
一对)。使用 ZeroMQ,您甚至可以在另一台计算机上保存数据。
编辑/警告:提供的代码有时可能无法保存数据,我做了它来测量性能并且没有使其防水。在处理过程中按 Ctrl-C 时,有时我会收到损坏的文件。我认为这个问题超出了这个问题的范围(问题应通过小心停止正在运行的进程来解决)。