【问题标题】:How does django one-to-one relationships map the name to the child object?django 一对一关系如何将名称映射到子对象?
【发布时间】:2010-09-13 23:25:36
【问题描述】:

除了文档中的一个示例之外,我找不到任何关于 django 如何准确选择可以从父对象访问子对象的名称的文档。在他们的示例中,他们执行以下操作:

    class Place(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
        address = models.CharField(max_length=80)

        def __unicode__(self):
            return u"%s the place" % self.name

    class Restaurant(models.Model):
        place = models.OneToOneField(Place, primary_key=True)
        serves_hot_dogs = models.BooleanField()
        serves_pizza = models.BooleanField()

        def __unicode__(self):
            return u"%s the restaurant" % self.place.name

    # Create a couple of Places.
    >>> p1 = Place(name='Demon Dogs', address='944 W. Fullerton')
    >>> p1.save()
    >>> p2 = Place(name='Ace Hardware', address='1013 N. Ashland')
    >>> p2.save()

    # Create a Restaurant. Pass the ID of the "parent" object as this object's ID.
    >>> r = Restaurant(place=p1, serves_hot_dogs=True, serves_pizza=False)
    >>> r.save()

    # A Restaurant can access its place.
    >>> r.place
    <Place: Demon Dogs the place>
    # A Place can access its restaurant, if available.
    >>> p1.restaurant

因此,在他们的示例中,他们只是调用 p1.restaurant 而不明确定义该名称。 Django 假定名称以小写字母开头。如果对象名称包含多个单词(如 FancyRestaurant)会怎样?

旁注:我正在尝试以这种方式扩展 User 对象。可能是这个问题吗?

【问题讨论】:

    标签: python django one-to-one


    【解决方案1】:

    如果您定义了自定义 related_name,那么它将使用它,否则它将小写整个模型名称(在您的示例中为 .fancyrestaurant)。请参阅django.db.models.related code 中的 else 块:

    def get_accessor_name(self):
        # This method encapsulates the logic that decides what name to give an
        # accessor descriptor that retrieves related many-to-one or
        # many-to-many objects. It uses the lower-cased object_name + "_set",
        # but this can be overridden with the "related_name" option.
        if self.field.rel.multiple:
            # If this is a symmetrical m2m relation on self, there is no reverse accessor.
            if getattr(self.field.rel, 'symmetrical', False) and self.model == self.parent_model:
                return None
            return self.field.rel.related_name or (self.opts.object_name.lower() + '_set')
        else:
            return self.field.rel.related_name or (self.opts.object_name.lower())
    

    OneToOneField calls it

    class OneToOneField(ForeignKey):
        ... snip ...
    
        def contribute_to_related_class(self, cls, related):
            setattr(cls, related.get_accessor_name(),
                    SingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(related))
    

    opts.object_name(在 django.db.models.related.get_accessor_name 中引用)defaults to cls.__name__

    至于

    旁注:我正在尝试扩展 用户对象以这种方式。可能是这样 问题?

    不会,User 模型只是一个普通的 django 模型。请注意related_name 冲突。

    【讨论】:

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