xdotool、ctrl 键和键盘布局

Question

问题

我使用应用程序中的 xdotool keydown Control 和 xdotool keyup Control 来模拟 Ctrl 按下。当布局设置为 us 时，一切正常，但当布局更改为其他内容（fr 或 ru）时，应用程序将停止看到 ctrl 事件。

问题

为什么会这样？如何使 ctrl 键操作在布局中统一工作？

一些信息

我用来设置布局的命令：

setxkbmap -layout us,fr -option -option "grp:lctrl_lshift_toggle,ctrl:nocaps"

xev 的输出，us 布局：

KeyPress event, serial 25, synthetic NO, window 0x4a00001,
    root 0x5c, subw 0x0, time 11278564, (317,709), root:(1279,736),
    state 0x10, keycode 37 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x4a00001,
    root 0x5c, subw 0x0, time 11278676, (317,709), root:(1279,736),
    state 0x14, keycode 37 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

xev 的输出，fr 布局：

KeyPress event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x4a00001,
    root 0x5c, subw 0x0, time 11343218, (312,520), root:(1274,547),
    state 0x2010, keycode 8 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

KeyRelease event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x4a00001,
    root 0x5c, subw 0x0, time 11343460, (312,520), root:(1274,547),
    state 0x2010, keycode 8 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

setxkbmap 的详细输出：

Setting verbose level to 10
locale is C
Applied rules from evdev:
rules:      evdev
model:      pc105
layout:     us,fr
options:    grp:lctrl_lshift_toggle,ctrl:nocaps
Trying to build keymap using the following components:
keycodes:   evdev+aliases(qwerty)
types:      complete
compat:     complete
symbols:    pc+us+fr:2+inet(evdev)+group(lctrl_lshift_toggle)+ctrl(nocaps)
geometry:   pc(pc105)
xkb_keymap {
  xkb_keycodes  { include "evdev+aliases(qwerty)"   };
  xkb_types     { include "complete"    };
  xkb_compat    { include "complete"    };
  xkb_symbols   { include "pc+us+fr:2+inet(evdev)+group(lctrl_lshift_toggle)+ctrl(nocaps)"  };
  xkb_geometry  { include "pc(pc105)"   };
};

用于控制的 xmodmap 输出：

$  xmodmap -pme | grep -i control
control     Control_L (0x25),  Control_L (0x42),  Control_R (0x69)
$  xmodmap -pke | grep -i control
keycode  37 = Control_L Control_L Control_L Control_L
keycode  66 = Control_L Control_L Control_L Control_L
keycode 105 = Control_R NoSymbol Control_R

Answer 1

从xev 输出中可以看出，当处于 us 模式时，Control_L key down 相当于 keycode 37 状态从 0x10 移动到 0x14，而在 fr 模式下，您有键码 8 和状态 0x2010 没有 变化，以及几个 MappingNotify 事件。

状态是当前应用修饰符的位图，例如移位， 控制，alt等。它们可以显示为

xmodmap -pme

例如对我来说（在完全不同的键盘设置上）目前是

shift       Shift_L (0x32),  Shift_R (0x3e)
lock      
control     Control_L (0x25),  Control_L (0x42),  Control_R (0x69)
mod1        Meta_R (0x86)
mod2        Num_Lock (0x4d)
mod3      
mod4      
mod5        ISO_Level3_Shift (0x5c),  Mode_switch (0xcb)

这些列出了 state 中的 8 位位置，其中：

1. shift = 位 0（状态 0x1），
2. 锁定 = 位 1（状态 0x2），
3. 控制 = 位 2（状态 0x4）等

您的状态 0x2010 包含超过这 8 位的值 0x2000，这是 2 个键映射合一的实现方式，并在您处于 fr 模式时显示。

如果我们查看xdotool 的工作原理，当您处于状态 0x2000 所示的第二个键映射中时，它会查找 Control_L 以找到键码，然后在 xmodmap -pke 列中查找当前键码状态，并没有找到 Control_L。所以它需要一个备用键码 8，并临时更改映射，使键码 8 = keysym Control_L，然后发送该键事件。不幸的是，这个键码不在控制位的修饰符映射中。

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因此，如果您更改键码 37 的映射以使所有列都具有 Control_L，那么可能会起作用。我不知道您有多少列，但请执行xmodmap -pke | grep 'keycode 37' 并计算它们，然后将它们全部更改，例如：

xmodmap -e 'keycode 37 = Control_L Control_L Control_L Control_L'

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如 cmets 中所述，xdotool key 可以采用键码十进制数字而不是键符号参数。手册页中没有提到这一点。