delphi如何获取appdata文件夹路径

Question

如何获取 appdata 文件夹路径？这是我的代码：

begin
  Winexec(PAnsichar('%appdata%\TEST.exe'), sw_show);
end;

但不工作。

Answer 1

您不能将环境变量传递给WinExec()。您必须先解决它们，例如：

uses
  ..., SysUtils;

function GetPathToTestExe: string;
begin
  Result := SysUtils.GetEnvironmentVariable('APPDATA');
  if Result <> '' then
    Result := IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(Result) + 'TEST.exe';
end;

uses
  ..., Windows;

var
  Path: string;
begin
  Path = GetPathToTestExe;
  if Path <> '' then
    WinExec(PAnsiChar(Path), SW_SHOW);
end;

或者：

uses
  ..., SysUtils, Windows;

function GetPathToTestExe: string;
var
  Path: array[0..MAX_PATH+1] of Char;
begin
  if ExpandEnvironmentStrings('%APPDATA%', Path, Length(Path)) > 1 then
    Result := IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(Path) + 'TEST.exe'
  else
    Result := '';
end;

获取 APPDATA 文件夹路径的更可靠（和官方）方法是改用 SHGetFolderPath()（或 Vista+ 上的 SHGetKnownFolderPath()），例如：

uses
  ..., SysUtils, Windows, SHFolder;

function GetPathToTestExe: string;
var
  Path: array[0..MAX_PATH] of Char;
begin
  if SHGetFolderPath(0, CSIDL_APPDATA, 0, SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT, Path) = S_OK then
    Result := IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(Path) + 'TEST.exe'
  else
    Result := '';
end;

或者：

uses
  ..., SysUtils;

function GetPathToTestExe: string;
var
  Path: string;
begin
  // GetHomePath() uses SHGetFolderPath(CSIDL_APPDATA) internally...
  Path := SysUtils.GetHomePath;
  if Path <> '' then
    Result := IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(Path) + 'TEST.exe'
  else
    Result := '';
end;

但是，无论如何，WinExec() 自 Windows 95 以来已被弃用，您确实应该改用 CreateProcess()，例如：

uses
  ..., Windows;

var
  Path: String;
  si: TStartupInfo;
  pi: TProcessInformation;

Path := GetPathToTestExe;
if Path <> '' then
begin
  ZeroMemory(@si, SizeOf(si));
  si.cb := SizeOf(si);
  si.dwFlags := STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
  si.wShowWindow := SW_SHOW;

  if CreateProcess(nil, PChar(Path), nil, nil, FALSE, 0, nil, nil, @si, pi)
  begin
    //...
    CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
    CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
  end;
end;

Answer 2

使用 System.IOUtils 的正确方法：

function GetAppDataFolder: string;                                       { Returns the path to the current user's AppData folder on Windows and to the current user's home directory on Mac OS X.   Example:  c:\Documents and Settings\Bere\Application Data\AppName\ }
begin
 Assert(System.IOUtils.TPath.HasValidFileNameChars(AppName, FALSE), 'Invalid chars in AppName: '+ AppName);
 Result:= Trail(Trail(System.SysUtils.GetHomePath)+ AppName);
end;

---

实用程序：

function ForceAppDataFolder: string;  // Make sure the AppDataFolder exists before you try to write the INI file there!                                      
begin
 Result:= GetAppDataFolder;
 ForceDirectories(Result);
end;

function Trail(CONST Path: string): string;    //ok  Works with UNC paths
begin
 if Path= '' then EXIT('');                                                                        { Encountered when doing something like this:  ExtractLastFolder('c:\'). ExtractLastFolder will return '' }
 Result:= IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(Path)
end;