git status 显示未跟踪列表中的文件，尽管它们位于 .gitignore 中并从缓存中删除

Question

~/rails_projects/sample_app2 $ git branch
* master

~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ cat .gitignore
# See https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files for more about ignoring files.
#
# If you find yourself ignoring temporary files generated by your text editor
# or operating system, you probably want to add a global ignore instead:
#   git config --global core.excludesfile '~/.gitignore_global'

# Ignore bundler config.
/.bundle

# Ignore the default SQLite database.
/db/*.sqlite3
/db/*.sqlite3-journal

# Ignore all logfiles and tempfiles.
/log/*.log
/tmp

# Ignore other unneeded files.
database.yml
doc/
.*.s[a-w][a-z]  #all swap files
.*.*.s[a-w][a-z]
.*.*.*.s[a-w][a-z]
*~
.project
.DS_Store
.idea
.secret

~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ touch .gitignore.swp

~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ git status
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 15 commits.
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#   .gitignore.swp
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ git add .
~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ git commit -m "Add swap file"
[master 364570c] Add swap file
 0 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .gitignore.swp

~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ git rm --cached .gitignore.swp
rm '.gitignore.swp'

~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ git status
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 16 commits.
#
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
#   deleted:    .gitignore.swp
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#   .gitignore.swp


~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ git commit -m "Remove swap file"
[master 485217f] Remove swap file
 0 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .gitignore.swp

~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ git status
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 17 commits.
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#   .gitignore.swp
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ $ git add .

~/rails_projects/sample_app2$ git commit -m "Trying NOT to add swap files"
[master d743282] Trying NOT to add swap files
 0 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .gitignore.swp

不断地不断。当我这样做时，交换文件一直显示在未跟踪的文件列表中：

$ git status

因此，当我进行下一次提交时，交换文件会添加到 git 正在跟踪的文件中。如何让 git 忽略所有交换文件？

这似乎是一个常见的问题，应该有一个命令：

$ git ignore --all-swap-files

对其中一个 cmets 的回应：

~/rails_projects$ mkdir test_gitignore
~/rails_projects$ cd test_gitignore/
~/rails_projects/test_gitignore$ touch .gitignore
~/rails_projects/test_gitignore$ echo '.*.s[a-w][a-z]' > .gitignore
~/rails_projects/test_gitignore$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/7stud/rails_projects/test_gitignore/.git/
~/rails_projects/test_gitignore$ touch file1.txt .file1.swp
~/rails_projects/test_gitignore$ mkdir subdir
~/rails_projects/test_gitignore$ touch subdir/.file2.swp
~/rails_projects/test_gitignore$ ls -al
total 8
drwxr-xr-x   7 7stud  staff  238 Sep 14 10:41 .
drwxr-xr-x  19 7stud  staff  646 Sep 14 10:38 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 7stud  staff    0 Sep 14 10:40 .file1.swp
drwxr-xr-x  10 7stud  staff  340 Sep 14 10:40 .git
-rw-r--r--   1 7stud  staff   15 Sep 14 10:40 .gitignore
-rw-r--r--   1 7stud  staff    0 Sep 14 10:40 file1.txt
drwxr-xr-x   3 7stud  staff  102 Sep 14 10:41 subdir
~/rails_projects/test_gitignore$ ls -al subdir
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  3 7stud  staff  102 Sep 14 10:41 .
drwxr-xr-x  7 7stud  staff  238 Sep 14 10:41 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 7stud  staff    0 Sep 14 10:41 .file2.swp

~/rails_projects/test_gitignore$ git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#   .gitignore
#   file1.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
~/rails_projects/test_gitignore$ 

Answer 1

这是正在发生的事情：您的 .gitignore 规则末尾有多余的空格。 Git 将 gitignore 中的每个条目完全视为忽略规则，这正是出于同样的原因，您不应该在 gitignore 中包含该注释 - 模式会发生变化。

所以，.*.s[a-w][a-z]，虽然在您的 .gitignore 中看起来没问题，但恰好是字符串 ".*.s[a-w][a-z] "

因此 git ignore 无法匹配交换文件。

顺便说一句，您可以取消三个交换 ingore 规则并改用单个规则

*.s[a-w][a-z]

这里有一个示例 python sn-p 来测试新模式到底匹配（或不匹配）

In [1]: import fnmatch

In [2]: pattern = "*.s[a-w][a-z]"

In [3]: filenames = [".file.swp", "folder/.file.swp", "folder/subfolder/.file.swp", ".f.i.l.e.swp", "folder/.f.i.l.e.swp"]

In [4]: for filename in filenames:
   ...:     print filename, fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern)
   ...:     
.file.swp True
folder/.file.swp True
folder/subfolder/.file.swp True
.f.i.l.e.swp True
folder/.f.i.l.e.swp True

In [5]: pattern = ".*.s[a-w][a-z]"

In [6]: for filename in filenames:
    print filename, fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern)
   ...:     
.file.swp True
folder/.file.swp False
folder/subfolder/.file.swp False
.f.i.l.e.swp True
folder/.f.i.l.e.swp False

Answer 2

问题很简单，就是这条线

.*.s[a-w][a-z]  #all swap files

在.gitignore 文件中，cmets 只能位于行首。将其更改为

#all swap files
.*.s[a-w][a-z]

它会按预期工作：

$ /bin/echo -e '.*.s[a-w][a-z] # swap' > .gitignore 
$ touch .gitignore.swp
$ touch .x.swp
$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

        modified:   .gitignore

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

        .gitignore.swp
        .x.swp

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
$ /bin/echo -e '.*.s[a-w][a-z]\n# swap' > .gitignore 
$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

        modified:   .gitignore

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")