使用 PowerShell、RegEx 搜索在文本文件中查找和验证路径字符串

Question

第一次在这里发帖，我会尽量清楚和详细，但如果我在搜索这些板时错过了现有答案，请保持温和。

首先，问题：

1. 如何排除包含特定关键字（“fastcopy”）的 RegEx 响应
2. 如何包含不以文件名/通配符结尾的路径结果

我正在处理一组与批处理文件非常相似的文本文件。它们是纯文本，包含标题行、包含服务器上文件路径的行和注释行。注释行以分号 (;) 开头，因此很简单，可以排除。路径都应该以变量 %INSTDIR% 开头，但它们可能有也可能没有路径周围的引号，并且它们可能有也可能没有路径后面的执行选项。最后一点...该公司使用 FastCopy.exe 从网络中转储文件/文件夹，在这一行中，我想返回正在复制的文件夹/文件，而不是包含 fastcopy.exe 的路径。

这是一个示例（有点大以显示潜在问题）：

[Installing .NET 3.5 Hotfix KB943326 for App1]
; *** Added NET 3.5 SP1 hotfix KB943326: resolves App1 hidden menus force laptop re-booting
1 = %INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\applications\.NET_3.5_Hotfix_KB943326\WindowsXP-KB943326-x86-ENU.exe /quiet /norestart

[Installing Agent 5.3.1]
1 = %INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\applications\AGenT_531_2.0\w7wxp_ze_20\install.exe

[Installing APR Manager 2.1]
1 = %INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\applications\APRManager_21_Updated_2.0\wviwxp_ze_20\install.exe

[Installing Scope Simulator]
1 = MD "C:\Temp\scope_simulator_10"
2 =  start /wait /high %INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Site_Toolbox\Custom_Scripts\Source\fastcopy.exe /auto_close /no_confirm_del /no_confirm_stop /log=FALSE /open_window /force_start /force_close /stream=FALSE /cmd=diff "%INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\applications\scope_simulator_10" /to="C:\Temp\scope_simulator_10"
3 = "C:\Temp\scope_simulator_10\w7wxp_ze_10\Install.exe"
4 = RD "C:\temp\scope_simulator_10" /q /s

[Installing Log Analyzer Offline 2.6.1]
1 = %INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\applications\Log_Analyzer_Offline_261\wxp_ze_10\install.exe

[Installing Data Migration Script]
1 = MD "C:\Temp\Data Migration"
2 = xcopy "%INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\Support\Data Migration\*.*" "C:\Temp\Data Migration" /y /e
3 = xcopy "%INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\Support\Data Migration\Data Migration.lnk" C:\DOCUME~1\ALLUSE~1\Desktop\ /Y

我已将其设置为拉出一个“dir \\UNCPath\*.ini”，然后循环执行 ForEach ($INI in $Results) 位。我一直在循环内尝试从每一行中提取路径的行是：

gc $ini|?{!($_ -match "^;") -and ($_ -match "%INST[^`"]*?\\.*(\.\w{3}|\.\*)(?=`"|\s|\Z)")}|%{$TestPath = $Matches[0].replace("%INSTDIR%","\\ServerName1");if(test-path $testpath){write-host "  [OK]    " -foregroundcolor Green -NoNewline}else{write-host "[Missing] " -ForegroundColor red -NoNewline};write-host "$testpath"}

这几乎得到了我想要的一切。它不做的是得到任何不以 .* 或标准 3 字符扩展名（.exe、.cmd、.jar 等）结尾的东西。另外，它会回退 fastcopy 路径，而不是尝试复制的路径。

我想要的结果：

%INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\applications\.NET_3.5_Hotfix_KB943326\WindowsXP-KB943326-x86-ENU.exe
%INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\applications\AGenT_531_2.0\w7wxp_ze_20\install.exe
%INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\applications\APRManager_21_Updated_2.0\wviwxp_ze_20\install.exe
%INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\applications\scope_simulator_10
%INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\applications\Log_Analyzer_Offline_261\wxp_ze_10\install.exe
%INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\Support\Data Migration\*.*
%INSTDIR%\ToolShare$\Sample_Toolbox\Support\Data Migration\Data Migration.lnk

我没有得到第二个结果（相反，我得到了 FastCopy 路径，但即使我从行中剥离 Fastcopy 并且只有所需的路径，它也不会返回它）。欢迎提出任何建议。

Answer 1

以下脚本应该可以正常工作。

$paths = Get-Content $ini | Foreach {
    if ($_ -match "^(?=[^;]).*?(?<delimiter>[""' ])(?<path>%INSTDIR%(?!.*?fastcopy.exe).*?)(?:\1|$)")
    {
        Write-Output $Matches["path"]
    }
}

$paths 变量现在将包含所有请求的路径。请注意，如果任何字符串在路径中的任何位置包含“fastcopy.exe”文字字符串，则此正则表达式将找不到它。

尝试解释正则表达式：

^ - match the start of the line
(?=[^;]) - positive lookahead verifying that the line does not start with a semicolon
.*? - any character, as few as possible (to remove all characters before the path we want to match)
(?<delimiter>["' ]) - named group verifying whether the path is surrounded by space, a quotation character or a apostrophe.
(?<path> - start a named capturing group for capturing the "path"
    %INSTDIR% - matches the literal string '%INSTDIR%'
    (?!.*?fastcopy.exe) - negative lookahead verifying that the part of the line we're trying to match (which has started with %INSTDIR%) doesn't contain the word fastcopy.exe anywhere later in the string (the second time the %INSTDIR% occurs on the fastcopy line, the rest of the line does not contain the fastcopy.exe literal string).
    .*? - matches any character, as few as possible, to make sure that we stop as soon as we find a matching delimiter character below
) - ends the named capturing group "path"
(?:\1|$) - matches (in a non-capturing group) the character found by the delimiter group above (to match a quotation character, apostrophe or space, depending on what character was immediately before the %INSTDIR% literal string), or the end of the line.

如果有任何不清楚的地方，请在下方添加评论要求澄清。