这是一个使用最小优先级队列的实现。浮点数的原始输入切片未更改。可以在Go playground上运行
注意:在处理递归函数时,你需要对堆栈溢出感到厌烦。
Go 仅在有限的情况下进行尾递归优化。有关这方面的更多信息,
参考this answer。
这个特定的例子甚至比摊销的 O(log N) 时间更好,因为它不必在中途调整优先级队列的大小。这保证了 O(log N)。
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
slice := []float64{2, 1, 13, 4, 22, 0, 5, 7, 3}
fmt.Printf("Order before: %v\n", slice)
queue := NewMinPQ(slice)
for !queue.Empty() {
doSmallest(queue)
}
fmt.Printf("Order after: %v\n", slice)
}
func doSmallest(queue *MinPQ) {
if queue.Empty() {
return
}
v := queue.Dequeue()
switch v {
case 1:
fmt.Println("Do", v)
case 2:
fmt.Println("Do", v)
case 3:
fmt.Println("Do", v)
case 4:
fmt.Println("Do", v)
case 5:
fmt.Println("Do", v)
default:
// No hit, do it all again with the next value.
doSmallest(queue)
}
}
// MinPQ represents a Minimum priority queue.
// It is implemented as a binary heap.
//
// Values which are enqueued can be dequeued, but will be done
// in the order where the smallest item is returned first.
type MinPQ struct {
values []float64 // Original input list -- Order is never changed.
indices []int // List of indices into values slice.
index int // Current size of indices list.
}
// NewMinPQ creates a new MinPQ heap for the given input set.
func NewMinPQ(set []float64) *MinPQ {
m := new(MinPQ)
m.values = set
m.indices = make([]int, 1, len(set))
// Initialize the priority queue.
// Use the set's indices as values, instead of the floats
// themselves. As these may not be re-ordered.
for i := range set {
m.indices = append(m.indices, i)
m.index++
m.swim(m.index)
}
return m
}
// Empty returns true if the heap is empty.
func (m *MinPQ) Empty() bool { return m.index == 0 }
// Dequeue removes the smallest item and returns it.
// Returns nil if the heap is empty.
func (m *MinPQ) Dequeue() float64 {
if m.Empty() {
return 0
}
min := m.indices[1]
m.indices[1], m.indices[m.index] = m.indices[m.index], m.indices[1]
m.index--
m.sink(1)
m.indices = m.indices[:m.index+1]
return m.values[min]
}
// greater returns true if element x is greater than element y.
func (m *MinPQ) greater(x, y int) bool {
return m.values[m.indices[x]] > m.values[m.indices[y]]
}
// sink reorders the tree downwards.
func (m *MinPQ) sink(k int) {
for 2*k <= m.index {
j := 2 * k
if j < m.index && m.greater(j, j+1) {
j++
}
if m.greater(j, k) {
break
}
m.indices[k], m.indices[j] = m.indices[j], m.indices[k]
k = j
}
}
// swim reorders the tree upwards.
func (m *MinPQ) swim(k int) {
for k > 1 && m.greater(k/2, k) {
m.indices[k], m.indices[k/2] = m.indices[k/2], m.indices[k]
k /= 2
}
}