g++：链接到非标准的 /usr/local

Question

我有一台 OSX 10.7 计算机，但没有管理员帐户，并试图安装在 here 找到的 gcc 和 g++ 的预编译版本。我试图使用inthesequestions（三个不同的链接）提供的答案来用 g++ 编译一些代码，以取得令人困惑的效果。我有一个这样的文件夹结构：

~/code/:
    usr/:
        local/:
            bin/ (3.6MB)
            include/ (8.6MB)
            lib/ (51MB)
            libexec/ (49MB)
            share/ (16MB)
    c++/:
        source/ (contains .cpp files)

g++ -v 返回：

code USER$ usr/local/bin/g++ -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=usr/local/bin/g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../libexec/gcc/    x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0
Configured with: ../gcc-4.7.1/configure --enable-languages=fortran
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.1 (GCC)

尝试编译“#include”只有 iostream 的文件：

$ usr/local/bin/g++ c++/source/test.cpp -o ex6
In file included from     /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/bits/postypes.h:42:0,
             from /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/iosfwd:42,
             from /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/ios:39,
             from /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/ostream:40,
             from /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/iostream:40,
             from c++/source/ex6.cpp:1:
/Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/cwchar:46:19: fatal error: wchar.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.

我尝试使用提到的链接之一中推荐的一些标志进行编译，如下所示：（使用“usr/”到“usr/local/include/”和“usr/”到“/usr/local/”的所有组合lib" 给出相同的结果（这也与不使用标志相同）。

$ /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/g++ source/ex6.cpp -I/Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/include/ -L/Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/lib/In file included from /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/bits/postypes.h:42:0,
             from /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/iosfwd:42,
             from /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/ios:39,
             from /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/ostream:40,
             from /Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/iostream:40,
             from source/ex6.cpp:1:
/Users/USERNAME/code/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.0/4.7.1/../../../../include/c++/4.7.1/cwchar:46:19: fatal error: wchar.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.

简而言之，我无法理解所提供链接中的答案是什么意思。我看到了对规范文件的引用，我找不到它的具体信息，以及“-Wl,-rpath,$(DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH)”，我不知道应该用什么代替“DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH”。

我应该怎么做才能将下载的 g++ 编译器指向它自己的文件而不将它们放在默认位置，因为我没有此帐户的管理功能？

我会根据需要提供任何信息。

Answer 1

您似乎没有所需的头文件。您需要从Apple Developers 站点安装Command Line Tools（需要免费注册）。问题是您没有管理员帐户。建议您请管理员为您安装工具。如果不可能，您可以尝试将下载的包 (DevSDK.pkg) 的内容提取到您的本地目录（Pacifist 可以这样做）并将缺少标头的路径传递给您的编译器。不过我没试过。