【发布时间】:2013-12-05 12:32:06
【问题描述】:
我目前正在帮助一位朋友完成他大学的作业,并且在传递 NULL 指针时对realloc 的行为感到道德两难(手册上说它应该与正常的malloc 完全一样工作)。
代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
typedef struct {
char *line;
} node_t;
typedef struct {
node_t **nodes;
int line_count;
} buffer_t;
void print_LIFO(buffer_t buffer){
int i;
for(i=buffer.line_count;i>=0;i--){
printf("%s",buffer.nodes[i]->line);
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[]){
FILE *fp;
char fline[2048];
int i;
buffer_t buffer;
buffer.line_count = 0;
if(argc < 2){
//no params, no glory: read from STDIN
//initial malloc so GDB and valgrind shut the f*** up
buffer.nodes = (node_t **)malloc(sizeof(node_t *));
while(fgets(fline,2048,stdin) != NULL){
//do our stuff
node_t ** tPtr = NULL;
tPtr = (node_t **)realloc(buffer.nodes,sizeof(node_t *) * (buffer.line_count + 1));
if(tPtr == NULL){
//free memory!
for(i=0;i<buffer.line_count;i++){
free(buffer.nodes[i]->line); //free stuff alloc'ed with strdup
free(buffer.nodes[i]); // free current node
}
free(buffer.nodes);
exit(EX_OSERR);
}
buffer.nodes = tPtr;
buffer.nodes[buffer.line_count] = (node_t *)malloc(sizeof(node_t)); //alloc space for full node_t at the previously allocated node_t pointer
if(buffer.nodes[buffer.line_count] == NULL){
//free memory!
for(i=0;i<buffer.line_count;i++){
free(buffer.nodes[i]->line); //free stuff alloc'ed with strdup
free(buffer.nodes[i]); // free current node
}
free(buffer.nodes);
exit(EX_OSERR);
}
buffer.nodes[buffer.line_count]->line = strdup(fline);
buffer.line_count++;
}
buffer.line_count--;
} else {
if(argv[1][1] == 'h'){
printf("bocabajo: Uso: bocabajo [ fichero... ]\n");
printf("bocabajo: Invierte el orden de las l ́neas de los ficheros (o de la entrada).\n");
exit(EX_OK);
}
//check number of files to open, loop thru them
for(i=1;i<argc;i++){
fp = fopen(argv[i],"r");
if(!fp){ // error check
printf("bocabajo: Error(EX_NOINPUT),\n");
printf("bocabajo+ El fichero \"%s\" no puede ser leido\n",argv[i]);
exit(EX_NOINPUT);
}
//initial malloc so GDB and valgrind shut the f*** up
buffer.nodes = (node_t **)malloc(sizeof(node_t *));
//do our magic
while(fgets(fline,2048,fp) != NULL){
//do our stuff
node_t ** tPtr = NULL;
tPtr = (node_t **)realloc(buffer.nodes,sizeof(node_t *) * (buffer.line_count + 1));
if(tPtr == NULL){
//free memory!
for(i=0;i<buffer.line_count;i++){
free(buffer.nodes[i]->line); //free stuff alloc'ed with strdup
free(buffer.nodes[i]); // free current node
}
free(buffer.nodes); // free last pointer
exit(EX_OSERR);
}
buffer.nodes = tPtr;
buffer.nodes[buffer.line_count] = (node_t *)malloc(sizeof(node_t)); //alloc space for full node_t at the previously allocated node_t pointer
if(buffer.nodes[buffer.line_count] == NULL){
//free memory!
for(i=0;i<buffer.line_count;i++){
free(buffer.nodes[i]->line); //free stuff alloc'ed with strdup
free(buffer.nodes[i]); // free current node
}
free(buffer.nodes); // free last pointer
exit(EX_OSERR);
}
buffer.nodes[buffer.line_count]->line = strdup(fline);
buffer.line_count++;
}
buffer.line_count--;
//close the file descriptor
fclose(fp);
}
}
print_LIFO(buffer);
//free memory
for(i=0;i<=buffer.line_count;i++){
free(buffer.nodes[i]->line); //free stuff alloc'ed with strdup
free(buffer.nodes[i]); // free current node
}
free(buffer.nodes);
exit(EX_OK);
}
现在,重要的部分:
如果我不专门做这样的 malloc
//initial malloc so GDB and valgrind shut the f*** up
buffer.nodes = (node_t **)malloc(sizeof(node_t *));
在我的本地计算机上运行时,自动分配检查器会吐出它的大脑,以及 Valgrind
一个例子:
*** glibc detected *** ./bocabajo: realloc(): invalid pointer: 0x000000387d221188 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib64/libc.so.6[0x387d476126]
/lib64/libc.so.6(realloc+0x2e2)[0x387d47bee2]
./bocabajo[0x400a69]
/lib64/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfd)[0x387d41ecdd]
./bocabajo[0x4008f9]
======= Memory map: ========
00400000-00402000 r-xp 00000000 fd:02 1836590 /home/jail/homefi/dep/pps/pps/2013-2014/tarea-2.2/u120182/bocabajo
00601000-00602000 rw-p 00001000 fd:02 1836590 /home/jail/homefi/dep/pps/pps/2013-2014/tarea-2.2/u120182/bocabajo
0119e000-011bf000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
387d000000-387d020000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 262331 /lib64/ld-2.12.so
387d21f000-387d220000 r--p 0001f000 fd:00 262331 /lib64/ld-2.12.so
387d220000-387d221000 rw-p 00020000 fd:00 262331 /lib64/ld-2.12.so
387d221000-387d222000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
387d400000-387d58a000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 262340 /lib64/libc-2.12.so
387d58a000-387d789000 ---p 0018a000 fd:00 262340 /lib64/libc-2.12.so
387d789000-387d78d000 r--p 00189000 fd:00 262340 /lib64/libc-2.12.so
387d78d000-387d78e000 rw-p 0018d000 fd:00 262340 /lib64/libc-2.12.so
387d78e000-387d793000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
387e000000-387e083000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 265418 /lib64/libm-2.12.so
387e083000-387e282000 ---p 00083000 fd:00 265418 /lib64/libm-2.12.so
387e282000-387e283000 r--p 00082000 fd:00 265418 /lib64/libm-2.12.so
387e283000-387e284000 rw-p 00083000 fd:00 265418 /lib64/libm-2.12.so
3888400000-3888416000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 271606 /lib64/libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1
3888416000-3888615000 ---p 00016000 fd:00 271606 /lib64/libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1
3888615000-3888616000 rw-p 00015000 fd:00 271606 /lib64/libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1
7f48c4947000-7f48c494a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f48c4960000-7f48c4963000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7fff78ff2000-7fff79007000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
7fff79151000-7fff79152000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
Valgrind 说了类似的话:
==20165== Invalid free() / delete / delete[]
==20165== at 0x4C245E2: realloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:525)
==20165== by 0x4008A0: main (bocabajo.c:47)
==20165== Address 0x340 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd
所以...我的问题是,为什么调试器甚至会抱怨?手册中没有指定 realloc 在传递给它的指针为 NULL 时应该充当普通的 malloc 吗?
该程序在未附加到任何类型的调试器时工作正常(并且在附加时确实工作正常,但调试器会像我上面提到的那样抱怨,尽管自动分配检查器将其视为失败)。
谁能解释为什么会这样?
【问题讨论】:
-
当东西坏了时,你有什么而不是 malloc?
-
将不是通过
malloc()或calloc()(或free()d)分配给realloc()的东西传递给realloc()是未定义的行为... -
一样,只是注释了那一行。
-
如果您只是注释掉 malloc,那么您将得到一个未初始化的变量 (
buffer.nodes)。没有什么可以保证它会为空。