为什么它执行两个“else if”语句？

Question

我采用了一段较大的代码来强调。该代码工作正常（良好的输出），但我有一个问题。在下面的代码中，为什么会出现两个“else if”语句正在执行？我了解到拥有一系列“if”语句与“else if”之间的区别在于所有“if”语句都被执行，但是当使用一系列“else if”语句时，当一个语句被执行时，程序不会在该线程上继续。看来输入 1 1 2 2 会执行下面的两个代码，但它不会只执行第一个“else if”语句吗？如果是这样，为什么会有 ixlarge = 4 的输出？

          else if (x3 >= x4 && x3 >= x2 && x3 >= x1)
              xlarge = x3;
          else if(x4 >= x3 && x4 >= x2 && x4 >= x1)
              xlarge = x4;

---

#include <stdio.h>

int main( )
{
    int x1, x2, x3, x4;
    int xlarge, xsmall, ixlarge, ixsmall;

    while( 1 )
    {
        printf( "enter x1, x2, x3, x4:\n" );
        scanf( "%d%d%d%d", &x1, &x2, &x3, &x4 );

          xlarge = -1;
          xsmall = -1;
          if(x1 >= x2 && x1 >= x3 && x1 >= x4 )
              xlarge = x1;
          else if((x2 >= x3 && x2 >= x4 && x2 >= x1))
              xlarge = x2;
          else if (x3 >= x4 && x3 >= x2 && x3 >= x1)
              xlarge = x3;
          else if(x4 >= x3 && x4 >= x2 && x4 >= x1)
              xlarge = x4;

        printf("%d",xlarge);

          if(x1 == xlarge)
              ixlarge = 1;
          if(x2 == xlarge)
              ixlarge = 2;
          if(x3 == xlarge)
              ixlarge = 3;
          if(x4 == xlarge)
              ixlarge = 4;
        printf("%d",ixlarge);
         /*if(x3 == xlarge && x4 == xlarge)
             ixlarge = 4;*/


          if(x1 <= x2 && x1 <= x3 && x1 <= x4 )
              xsmall = x1;
          else if((x2 <= x3 && x2 <= x4 && x2 <= x1))
              xsmall = x2;
          else if (x3 <= x4 && x3 <= x2 && x3 <= x1)
              xsmall = x3;
          else if(x4 <= x3 && x4 <= x2 && x4 <= x1)
              xsmall = x4;

          
        
          if(x1 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 1;
          if(x2 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 2;
          if(x3 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 3;
          if(x4 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 4;
          if(x3 == xsmall && x4 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 3;
          if(x2 == xsmall && x1 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 1;
          if(x1 == xsmall && x3 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 1;
          if(x1 == xsmall && x4 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 1;
          if(x2 == xsmall && x3 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 2;
          if(x2 == xsmall && x4 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 2;
          if(x1 == xsmall && x3 == xsmall && x2 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 1;
          if(x1 == xsmall && x4 == xsmall && x2 == xsmall)
              ixsmall = 1;

        printf( "largest = %4d at position %d, ", xlarge, ixlarge );
        printf( "smallest = %4d at position %d\n", xsmall, ixsmall );
    }

    return 0;
}

Answer 1

输入“1 1 2 2”时，x3 和 x4 的值都是 2，所以这个块：

      else if (x3 >= x4 && x3 >= x2 && x3 >= x1)
          xlarge = x3;

是被执行的那个，尽管如果另一个被执行，xlarge 仍然具有相同的值。表示x4最大的部分是这样的：

      if(x3 == xlarge)
          ixlarge = 3;
      if(x4 == xlarge)
          ixlarge = 4;

因为x3 和x4 具有相同的值，所以这两个if 块都会执行，而ixlarge 的值是4。

您可以通过更改这组 if 语句来解决此问题：

      if(x1 == xlarge)
          ixlarge = 1;
      if(x2 == xlarge)
          ixlarge = 2;
      if(x3 == xlarge)
          ixlarge = 3;
      if(x4 == xlarge)
          ixlarge = 4;

致if/else:

      if(x1 == xlarge)
          ixlarge = 1;
      else if(x2 == xlarge)
          ixlarge = 2;
      else if(x3 == xlarge)
          ixlarge = 3;
      else if(x4 == xlarge)
          ixlarge = 4;

并在设置ixsmall时执行类似的更改。

在侧节点上，如果您使用数组和循环而不是 4 个单独的变量，则可以使您的代码大大更简单且不易出错。