使用由 jose4j 生成的令牌在 node.js 中使用 jsonwebtoken 验证 JWT 失败

Question

我正在尝试使用 node.js 中的 jsonwebtoken 验证 jose4j 生成的 json Web 令牌，我看到以下错误：

[错误：PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY 失败]

jose4j 代码基本上是直接从示例中提取出来的：

RsaJsonWebKey key = RsaJwkGenerator.generateJwk(2048);
key.setKeyId("global.authenticated");

byte[] raw = key.getKey().getEncoded();
Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getEncoder();
System.out.printf("Public Key [%s]\n", encoder.encodeToString(raw));

JwtClaims claims = new JwtClaims();
claims.setIssuer("global.gen");
claims.setAudience("global.cons");
claims.setExpirationTimeMinutesInTheFuture(12 * 60);
claims.setGeneratedJwtId();
claims.setIssuedAtToNow();
claims.setNotBeforeMinutesInThePast(2);
claims.setSubject("nim");
claims.setClaim("role", "tester");

JsonWebSignature jws = new JsonWebSignature();
jws.setPayload(claims.toJson());
jws.setKey(key.getPrivateKey());
jws.setKeyIdHeaderValue(key.getKeyId());
jws.setAlgorithmHeaderValue(AlgorithmIdentifiers.RSA_USING_SHA256);
String token = jws.getCompactSerialization();
System.out.printf("Generated Token [%s]\n", token);


JwtConsumer jwtConsumer = new JwtConsumerBuilder()
    .setRequireExpirationTime() // the JWT must have an expiration time
    .setAllowedClockSkewInSeconds(30) // allow some leeway in validating time based claims to account for clock skew
    .setRequireSubject() // the JWT must have a subject claim
    .setExpectedIssuer("global.gen") // whom the JWT needs to have been issued by
    .setExpectedAudience("global.cons") // to whom the JWT is intended for
    .setVerificationKey(key.getKey()) // verify the signature with the public key
    .build(); // create the JwtConsumer instance

try {
  //  Validate the JWT and process it to the Claims
  JwtClaims jwtClaims = jwtConsumer.processToClaims(token);
  System.out.println("JWT validation succeeded! " + jwtClaims);
} catch (InvalidJwtException e) {
  // InvalidJwtException will be thrown, if the JWT failed processing or validation in anyway.
  // Hopefully with meaningful explanations(s) about what went wrong.
  System.out.println("Invalid JWT! " + e);
}

因此，令牌在内部验证良好。但是，当我复制令牌和密钥时（例如下面是来自运行），就会报告上述错误：

var jwt        = require('jsonwebtoken'); // used to create, sign, and verify tokens

var key = 'MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAkRWAQ0O9LgBoHNAB5m1X8e1sPTzKmBTPCFTSRTzw0AjZozIbN4nIp/3jnQHTbcY0Bf5MDWmtdheSK1a+ew34YcgN2b9Shr+3yZv9PJ97i7gRCqOnI7jbm7PXFBNw1I4aMYc6tV7TKFzvx6008/nYvN3Jey6Z8ItS/FLQRDkV9m/WQkhJpYgvmD6qiwj9d+un+moBQ5/PPgn7Qkg5GyxZUy9PsblUDSrIA0bEiv/wQOXCYUvL9OFzxTUSeIHpdGibhPQVxX3Jnpr293Iq/mOKn3ZO+xBID26m3L8+ik64wte041y1S4HHaE9Q082ai/uBduAwIHcJY5VAHborZYCSaQIDAQAB';
var token = 'eyJraWQiOiJnbG9iYWwuYXV0aGVudGljYXRlZCIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJpc3MiOiJnbG9iYWwuZ2VuIiwiYXVkIjoiZ2xvYmFsLmNvbnMiLCJleHAiOjE0NDMwNjMyMDgsImp0aSI6InpweF9ERW8tX1h2Q1hnZmNZTUpiZ0EiLCJpYXQiOjE0NDMwMjAwMDgsIm5iZiI6MTQ0MzAxOTg4OCwic3ViIjoibmltIiwicm9sZSI6InRlc3RlciJ9.inEebSQ8jYPQsTpHnvw-gMpoNbJl5ErUkS8FtkDagWrwijUgG8XYYP8FLi2ZCpdgDqUsP6nE1iG0_2wWuL7B7C7wUpZlrqR2bEOG2cXK9s26VqNAXu8I7BTDaZBKmdOt1aFVWozGsN8iUCsQ7Yt9-GfvNRP1yeOoMgpOxf_wVa0QVzsV18aVi_oSeiMqOkQ_6n7JOjFVdiURm0ew4vh5TBaMcEcS35a9jtPxuFR_Z_FaLUk0g06PDVKcdsK1-FYRAGBlRGDkea8Hs9Zh-ZIxgcs2QfWzq5PSsIKum1dWqNLW04ullWmlbAO-5d0V0NAnkh4FFoi3N7AedvkILJgbqA';

jwt.verify(token, key, { algorithms: ['RS256'] }, function(err, decoded) {
  if (err)
    console.log(err);
  else
    console.log(decoded);
});

我是否缺少一些魔法（在 jose4j 或 jsonwebtoken 中）可以让生成的令牌通过公钥进行验证？

附带说明，将令牌粘贴到 jwt.io 可以正确解码标头和有效负载，但是无法使用相同的公钥验证签名。我猜问题确实出在 jose4j 方面 - 但不确定。

Answer 1

如果有人遇到类似问题，我会将其添加为答案。问题源于传递给 jsonwebtoken 的密钥的格式。它不能只是纯文本公钥，它必须专门遵循 PEM 格式。因此，一旦我将密钥转换为 PEM 文件，特别是通过进行以下更改：

byte[] raw = key.getKey().getEncoded();
Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getMimeEncoder(64, new byte[]{'\n'});

然后用包装

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
<Key>
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

然后将生成的文件传递到 jsonwebtoken 允许身份验证继续进行。我没有意识到传递到验证步骤的证书应该被如此严格地格式化（即使用行大小和包装器！）

注意：bouncycastle 包有一个PemObject 类和一个PemWriter，这应该会使编写文件更容易一些——但是我不想仅仅为此而引入另一个包。也许 jose4j 的维护者可以为他们的包添加一个小类..

Answer 2

似乎jsonwebtoken 不仅对-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- 页眉和页脚非常严格，而且对换行符也非常严格。

像这样的键

MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAkRWAQ0O9LgBoHNAB5m1X8e1sPTzKmBTPCFTSRTzw0AjZozIbN4nIp/3jnQHTbcY0Bf5MDWmtdheSK1a+ew34YcgN2b9Shr+3yZv9PJ97i7gRCqOnI7jbm7PXFBNw1I4aMYc6tV7TKFzvx6008/nYvN3Jey6Z8ItS/FLQRDkV9m/WQkhJpYgvmD6qiwj9d+un+moBQ5/PPgn7Qkg5GyxZUy9PsblUDSrIA0bEiv/wQOXCYUvL9OFzxTUSeIHpdGibhPQVxX3Jnpr293Iq/mOKn3ZO+xBID26m3L8+ik64wte041y1S4HHaE9Q082ai/uBduAwIHcJY5VAHborZYCSaQIDAQAB

必须看起来像这样才能与jsonwebtoken 一起使用（注意页眉、页脚和换行符）：

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAkRWAQ0O9LgBoHNAB5m1X
8e1sPTzKmBTPCFTSRTzw0AjZozIbN4nIp/3jnQHTbcY0Bf5MDWmtdheSK1a+ew34
YcgN2b9Shr+3yZv9PJ97i7gRCqOnI7jbm7PXFBNw1I4aMYc6tV7TKFzvx6008/nY
vN3Jey6Z8ItS/FLQRDkV9m/WQkhJpYgvmD6qiwj9d+un+moBQ5/PPgn7Qkg5GyxZ
Uy9PsblUDSrIA0bEiv/wQOXCYUvL9OFzxTUSeIHpdGibhPQVxX3Jnpr293Iq/mOK
n3ZO+xBID26m3L8+ik64wte041y1S4HHaE9Q082ai/uBduAwIHcJY5VAHborZYCS
aQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

这个功能为我完成了这项工作：

function base64toPem(base64)
{
    for(var result="", lines=0;result.length-lines < base64.length;lines++) {
        result+=base64.substr(result.length-lines,64)+"\n"
    }

    return "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n" + result + "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";
}