WebApi 2 在使用自定义 JWT 令牌进行授权时总是返回 401

Question

我已经按照这个教程Create a RESTful API with authentication using Web API and Jwt

我设法让身份验证部分正常工作，但授权部分不工作（接近教程结束时）。如果我在授权标头中添加带有单词 bearer 的 jwt 令牌，它会给我 401 授权被拒绝。

我在想也许我需要创建一个自定义授权属性。

1. 有没有办法使用现有的授权属性？
2. 现有的 Authorize 属性寻找什么来授权用户（不包括授权属性中的角色或用户参数）？

Startup.Auth.cs

public partial class Startup
{
    public static OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions OAuthOptions { get; private set; }

    public static string PublicClientId { get; private set; }

    // For more information on configuring authentication, please visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301864
    public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app)
    {
        var issuer = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Issuer"];
        var secret = TextEncodings.Base64Url.Decode(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Secret"]);

        // Configure the db context and user manager to use a single instance per request
        app.CreatePerOwinContext(ApplicationDbContext.Create);
        app.CreatePerOwinContext<ApplicationUserManager>(ApplicationUserManager.Create);

        app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(new JwtBearerAuthenticationOptions
        {
            AuthenticationMode = AuthenticationMode.Active,
            AllowedAudiences = new[] { "Any" },
            IssuerSecurityTokenProviders = new IIssuerSecurityTokenProvider[]
            {
                new SymmetricKeyIssuerSecurityTokenProvider(issuer, secret)
            }
        });

        app.UseOAuthAuthorizationServer(new OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions
        {
            AllowInsecureHttp = true,
            TokenEndpointPath = new PathString("/Token"),
            AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromDays(1),
            Provider = new CustomOAuthProvider(),
            AccessTokenFormat = new CustomJwtFormat(issuer)
        });
    }
}

CustomOAuthProvider

public class CustomOAuthProvider : OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider
{
    public override Task GrantResourceOwnerCredentials(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context)
    {
        context.OwinContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", new[] { "*" });

        var blSecurity = new BLSecurity();
        var user = blSecurity.LogonUser(context.UserName, context.Password);

        if (!(user.ResponseType == Global.Response.ResponseTypes.Success))
        {
            context.SetError("Authentication Error", "The user name or password is incorrect");
            return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
        }

        var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(SetClaimsIdentity(context, user.LoggedOnUser), new AuthenticationProperties());
        context.Validated(ticket);

        return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
    }

    public override Task ValidateClientAuthentication(OAuthValidateClientAuthenticationContext context)
    {
        context.Validated();
        return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
    }

    private static ClaimsIdentity SetClaimsIdentity(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context, User user)
    {
        //Add User Claims
        var identity = new ClaimsIdentity("JWT");
        identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, context.UserName));
        identity.AddClaim(new Claim("sub", context.UserName));
        identity.AddClaim(new Claim("bn", user.BranchName));
        identity.AddClaim(new Claim("fn", user.FirstName));
        identity.AddClaim(new Claim("ln", user.LastName));

        //Add User Role Claims
        var blRole = new BLRole();
        var roles = blRole.GetRolesByUserId(user.UserID);

        if (roles != null && roles.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (var role in roles)
            {
                identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role.RoleName));
            }
        }

        return identity;
    }
}

CustomJwtFormat

public class CustomJwtFormat : ISecureDataFormat<AuthenticationTicket>
{
    private static readonly byte[] _secret = TextEncodings.Base64Url.Decode(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["secret"]);
    private readonly string _issuer;

    public CustomJwtFormat(string issuer)
    {
        _issuer = issuer;
    }

    public string Protect(AuthenticationTicket data)
    {
        if (data == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(data));
        }

        var signingKey = new HmacSigningCredentials(_secret);
        var issued = data.Properties.IssuedUtc;
        var expires = data.Properties.ExpiresUtc;

        return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(new JwtSecurityToken(_issuer, null, data.Identity.Claims, issued.Value.UtcDateTime.ToLocalTime(), expires.Value.UtcDateTime.ToLocalTime(), signingKey));
    }

    public AuthenticationTicket Unprotect(string protectedText)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}

Answer 1

我设法通过应用一个人在 cmets 部分发布的内容来解决它。见下文引用。

罗曼史拉姆科 2016 年 6 月 23 日 上面的代码有一个错误。 JwtBearerAuthenticationOptions 配置为

AllowedAudiences = new[] { “任何” },

但实际上，令牌内容不包含任何受众，因此您的请求会被拒绝。

解决这个问题的最快方法（不是最好的方法）是更改在 CustomJwtFormat 类的 Protect 方法中创建令牌的方式

new JwtSecurityToken（_issuer，null，data.Identity.Claims，issued.Value.UtcDateTime，expires.Value.UtcDateTime，signingKey）；

到这个

new JwtSecurityToken(_issuer, “Any”, data.Identity.Claims,issued.Value.UtcDateTime, expires.Value.UtcDateTime, signingKey);

即传递“Any”而不是 null 作为第二个构造函数参数。