我发现您的代码存在几个问题。首先,您是在使用 standalone turtle 和 tkinter。在 tkinter 程序中嵌入 turtle 时,需要使用 embedded turtle,即 RawTurtle 代替 Turtle,TurtleScreen 代替 Screen 等。否则,你有两个根源和奇怪的问题会出现。
其次,您需要某种弹道逻辑,仅计算角度是不够的。此外,您必须清楚哪些角度是 degrees(例如,可能是用户输入;默认情况下海龟想要什么)与 radians(math.py 图书馆需要。)
最后,在 tkinter 接口和海龟输出之间传递值的一种方法是使用与 Entry 小部件关联的 IntVar 值。这是我对解决上述问题的代码的(可能有错误的)返工:
from tkinter import *
from turtle import TurtleScreen, RawTurtle
from random import randint
from math import sin, cos, radians
x0, y0 = -200, 10 # initial location
g = 11.0 # acceleration due to gravity in units per second squared
def fire():
a = angle.get()
turtle.setheading(a)
v = velocity.get()
vx, vy = cos(radians(a)) * v, sin(radians(a)) * v # initial velocity in units per second
for t in range(1, 10_000):
x = x0 + vx * t
y = y0 + vy * t - g / 2 * t**2
turtle.goto(x, y)
if y < y0:
break
distance = turtle.distance(target, y0)
if distance < 25:
turtle.color('blue')
turtle.write("HIT", align='center', font=('', 10))
else:
turtle.color('red')
turtle.write("MISS", align='center', font=('', 10))
turtle.color('black')
turtle.goto(x0, y0)
turtle.setheading(0)
window = Tk()
window.geometry("+250+150")
window.title("Ballistics")
canvas = Canvas(window, width=600, height=300)
canvas.pack() # fill="both", expand=True)
screen = TurtleScreen(canvas)
turtle = RawTurtle(screen)
turtle.penup()
turtle.setx(-300)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setx(300)
target = randint(50, 150)
turtle.pensize(3)
turtle.color('green')
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(target - 25, 2)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.goto(target + 25, 2)
turtle.color('black')
turtle.pensize(2)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x0, y0)
menu = Toplevel(window)
menu.geometry("200x150")
menu.title("Menu")
velocity = IntVar()
Label(menu, text="Velocity").pack()
Entry(menu, textvariable=velocity).pack()
angle = IntVar()
Label(menu, text="Angle").pack()
Entry(menu, textvariable=angle).pack()
Button(menu, text="Fire", command=fire).pack()
window.mainloop()