如何生成 Oracle 模式的整个 DDL（可编写脚本）？

Question

谁能告诉我如何为 Oracle 模式中的所有表、视图、索引、包、过程、函数、触发器、类型、序列、同义词、授权等生成 DDL？理想情况下，我也想复制行，但这不太重要。

我想在某种计划的作业上执行此操作，而不是每次都手动执行，因此排除了使用 SQL Developer 中的向导。

理想情况下，由于我将在多个相互具有授权和同义词的模式上运行它，我希望有一种方法可以在输出中进行查找/替换，以便模式名称与我的新名称相匹配模式将是。

谢谢！

Answer 1

首先导出架构元数据：

expdp dumpfile=filename logfile=logname directory=dir_name schemas=schema_name

然后使用 sqlfile 选项导入（它不会导入数据，只会将架构 DDL 写入该文件）

impdp dumpfile=filename logfile=logname directory=dir_name sqlfile=ddl.sql

Answer 2

这个查询的输出很干净（原here）

clear screen
accept uname prompt 'Enter User Name : '
accept outfile prompt  ' Output filename : '

spool &&outfile..gen

SET LONG 20000 LONGCHUNKSIZE 20000 PAGESIZE 0 LINESIZE 1000 FEEDBACK OFF VERIFY OFF TRIMSPOOL ON

BEGIN
   DBMS_METADATA.set_transform_param (DBMS_METADATA.session_transform, 'SQLTERMINATOR', true);
   DBMS_METADATA.set_transform_param (DBMS_METADATA.session_transform, 'PRETTY', true);
END;
/

SELECT dbms_metadata.get_ddl('USER','&&uname') FROM dual;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_GRANTED_DDL('SYSTEM_GRANT','&&uname') from dual;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_GRANTED_DDL('ROLE_GRANT','&&uname') from dual;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_GRANTED_DDL('OBJECT_GRANT','&&uname') from dual;

spool off

Answer 3

您可以通过 SQL*Plus 和 dbms_metadata 包将模式输出到文件中。然后通过 sed 将架构名称替换为另一个名称。这适用于 Oracle 10 及更高版本。

sqlplus<<EOF
set long 100000
set head off
set echo off
set pagesize 0
set verify off
set feedback off
spool schema.out

select dbms_metadata.get_ddl(object_type, object_name, owner)
from
(
    --Convert DBA_OBJECTS.OBJECT_TYPE to DBMS_METADATA object type:
    select
        owner,
        --Java object names may need to be converted with DBMS_JAVA.LONGNAME.
        --That code is not included since many database don't have Java installed.
        object_name,
        decode(object_type,
            'DATABASE LINK',      'DB_LINK',
            'JOB',                'PROCOBJ',
            'RULE SET',           'PROCOBJ',
            'RULE',               'PROCOBJ',
            'EVALUATION CONTEXT', 'PROCOBJ',
            'CREDENTIAL',         'PROCOBJ',
            'CHAIN',              'PROCOBJ',
            'PROGRAM',            'PROCOBJ',
            'PACKAGE',            'PACKAGE_SPEC',
            'PACKAGE BODY',       'PACKAGE_BODY',
            'TYPE',               'TYPE_SPEC',
            'TYPE BODY',          'TYPE_BODY',
            'MATERIALIZED VIEW',  'MATERIALIZED_VIEW',
            'QUEUE',              'AQ_QUEUE',
            'JAVA CLASS',         'JAVA_CLASS',
            'JAVA TYPE',          'JAVA_TYPE',
            'JAVA SOURCE',        'JAVA_SOURCE',
            'JAVA RESOURCE',      'JAVA_RESOURCE',
            'XML SCHEMA',         'XMLSCHEMA',
            object_type
        ) object_type
    from dba_objects 
    where owner in ('OWNER1')
        --These objects are included with other object types.
        and object_type not in ('INDEX PARTITION','INDEX SUBPARTITION',
           'LOB','LOB PARTITION','TABLE PARTITION','TABLE SUBPARTITION')
        --Ignore system-generated types that support collection processing.
        and not (object_type = 'TYPE' and object_name like 'SYS_PLSQL_%')
        --Exclude nested tables, their DDL is part of their parent table.
        and (owner, object_name) not in (select owner, table_name from dba_nested_tables)
        --Exclude overflow segments, their DDL is part of their parent table.
        and (owner, object_name) not in (select owner, table_name from dba_tables where iot_type = 'IOT_OVERFLOW')
)
order by owner, object_type, object_name;

spool off
quit
EOF

cat schema.out|sed 's/OWNER1/MYOWNER/g'>schema.out.change.sql

将所有内容放在脚本中并通过 cron（调度程序）运行。使用高级功能时，导出对象可能会很棘手。如果您需要在上述代码中添加更多异常，请不要感到惊讶。

Answer 4

如果要为每个对象单独生成ddl，

查询是：

--为所有用户对象生成 DDL

--1。适用于所有表格

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE', TABLE_NAME) FROM USER_TABLES;

--2。适用于所有索引

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('INDEX', INDEX_NAME) FROM USER_INDEXES WHERE INDEX_TYPE ='NORMAL';

--3。适用于所有视图

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('VIEW', VIEW_NAME) FROM USER_VIEWS;

或

SELECT TEXT FROM USER_VIEWS

--4。适用于所有实体化视图

SELECT QUERY FROM USER_MVIEWS

--5。适用于所有功能

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('FUNCTION', OBJECT_NAME) FROM USER_PROCEDURES WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'FUNCTION'

================================================ ================================================

GET_DDL函数不支持某些object_type，如LOB、MATERIALIZED VIEW、TABLE PARTITION

所以，生成 DDL 的合并查询将是：

SELECT OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME,DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME, OWNER)
  FROM ALL_OBJECTS 
  WHERE (OWNER = 'XYZ') AND OBJECT_TYPE NOT IN('LOB','MATERIALIZED VIEW', 'TABLE PARTITION') ORDER BY OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME;

Answer 5

要为整个 SCHEMA 即 USER 生成 DDL 脚本，您可以使用 dbms_metadata.get_ddl。

在Tim Hall创建的SQL*Plus中执行以下脚本：

在出现提示时提供用户名。

set long 20000 longchunksize 20000 pagesize 0 linesize 1000 feedback off verify off trimspool on
column ddl format a1000

begin
   dbms_metadata.set_transform_param (dbms_metadata.session_transform, 'SQLTERMINATOR', true);
   dbms_metadata.set_transform_param (dbms_metadata.session_transform, 'PRETTY', true);
end;
/

variable v_username VARCHAR2(30);

exec:v_username := upper('&1');

select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('USER', u.username) AS ddl
from   dba_users u
where  u.username = :v_username
union all
select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('TABLESPACE_QUOTA', tq.username) AS ddl
from   dba_ts_quotas tq
where  tq.username = :v_username
and    rownum = 1
union all
select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('ROLE_GRANT', rp.grantee) AS ddl
from   dba_role_privs rp
where  rp.grantee = :v_username
and    rownum = 1
union all
select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('SYSTEM_GRANT', sp.grantee) AS ddl
from   dba_sys_privs sp
where  sp.grantee = :v_username
and    rownum = 1
union all
select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('OBJECT_GRANT', tp.grantee) AS ddl
from   dba_tab_privs tp
where  tp.grantee = :v_username
and    rownum = 1
union all
select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('DEFAULT_ROLE', rp.grantee) AS ddl
from   dba_role_privs rp
where  rp.grantee = :v_username
and    rp.default_role = 'YES'
and    rownum = 1
union all
select to_clob('/* Start profile creation script in case they are missing') AS ddl
from   dba_users u
where  u.username = :v_username
and    u.profile <> 'DEFAULT'
and    rownum = 1
union all
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('PROFILE', u.profile) AS ddl
from   dba_users u
where  u.username = :v_username
and    u.profile <> 'DEFAULT'
union all
select to_clob('End profile creation script */') AS ddl
from   dba_users u
where  u.username = :v_username
and    u.profile <> 'DEFAULT'
and    rownum = 1
/

set linesize 80 pagesize 14 feedback on trimspool on verify on

Answer 6

PACKAGE 的 get_ddl 过程将返回规范和正文，因此最好更改对 all_objects 的查询，以便在选择时不返回包正文。

到目前为止，我将查询更改为：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(REPLACE(object_type, ' ', '_'), object_name, owner)
FROM all_OBJECTS
WHERE (OWNER = 'OWNER1')
and object_type not like '%PARTITION'
and object_type not like '%BODY'
order by object_type, object_name;

虽然根据您获得的对象类型可能需要进行其他更改...

Answer 7

PACKAGE_BODY等对象有问题：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.get_ddl(object_Type, object_name, owner) FROM ALL_OBJECTS WHERE OWNER = 'WEBSERVICE';


ORA-31600 invalid input value PACKAGE BODY parameter OBJECT_TYPE in function GET_DDL
ORA-06512: на  "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 4018
ORA-06512: на  "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 5843
ORA-06512: на  line 1
31600. 00000 -  "invalid input value %s for parameter %s in function %s"
*Cause:    A NULL or invalid value was supplied for the parameter.
*Action:   Correct the input value and try the call again.



SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(REPLACE(object_type,' ','_'), object_name, owner)
  FROM all_OBJECTS 
  WHERE (OWNER = 'OWNER1');