基于某些标准在 R 中拆分字符串

Question

我正在处理如下字符串

ID      Col1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11         GLIPIZIDE  10 MG TAB 1 TABLET PO QAM
23         GLIPIZIDE  5 MG TAB 2 TABLETS PO BID
32         GLIPIZIDE  TAB PO
12         GLIPIZIDE  TAB PO PRN
343        PIOGLITAZONE [ACTOS] 45 MG TAB 1 TABLET PO DAILY #3 MONTHS SUPPLY REFILL X3
31        METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #200 TABLETS REFILL X3
44        METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #400 TABLETS REFILL X3
34        METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #200 TABLETS REFILL X3
38        METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #200 TABLETS REFILL X3

我想要完成的是两件事。

1) Store the first word a new column (Col2)
2) Search for the term "mg" and capture the string before the word "mg"
   and store that in a new column (Col3)

以示例为例，最终输出应该是这样的

Id     Col2                  Col3  
---------------------------------
11     GLIPIZIDE             10 MG
23     GLIPIZIDE             5 MG
32     GLIPIZIDE             
12     GLIPIZIDE
343    PIOGLITAZONE          45 MG 
31     METFORMIN             500 MG
44     METFORMIN             500 MG
34     METFORMIN             500 MG
38     METFORMIN             500 MG

非常感谢有关此问题的任何帮助。

数据

dd <- read.table(header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE, text="ID      Col1
  11         'GLIPIZIDE  10 MG TAB 1 TABLET PO QAM'
23         'GLIPIZIDE  5 MG TAB 2 TABLETS PO BID'
32         'GLIPIZIDE  TAB PO'
12         'GLIPIZIDE  TAB PO PRN'
343        'PIOGLITAZONE [ACTOS] 45 MG TAB 1 TABLET PO DAILY #3 MONTHS SUPPLY REFILL X3'
31        'METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #200 TABLETS REFILL X3'
44        'METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #400 TABLETS REFILL X3'
34        'METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #200 TABLETS REFILL X3'
38        'METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #200 TABLETS REFILL X3'")

Answer 1

一个是使用两个正则表达式来 1) 捕获字符串开头的第一个单词 (^\\w+) 和 2) 查找后跟“mg”的数字 (\\d+ mg)

dd <- read.table(header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE, text="ID      Col1
  11         'GLIPIZIDE  10 MG TAB 1 TABLET PO QAM'
23         'GLIPIZIDE  5 MG TAB 2 TABLETS PO BID'
32         'GLIPIZIDE  TAB PO'
12         'GLIPIZIDE  TAB PO PRN'
343        'PIOGLITAZONE [ACTOS] 45 MG TAB 1 TABLET PO DAILY #3 MONTHS SUPPLY REFILL X3'
31        'METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #200 TABLETS REFILL X3'
44        'METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #400 TABLETS REFILL X3'
34        'METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #200 TABLETS REFILL X3'
38        'METFORMIN [GLUCOPHAGE XR] 500 MG TAB SR 24HR 2 TABLETS PO DAILY #200 TABLETS REFILL X3'")



within(dd, {
  col1 <- gsub('(^\\w+)|.', '\\1', Col1)
  dose <- gsub('(?i)(\\d+ mg)|.', '\\1', Col1)
})[, c('col1','dose')]

#           col1   dose
# 1    GLIPIZIDE  10 MG
# 2    GLIPIZIDE   5 MG
# 3    GLIPIZIDE       
# 4    GLIPIZIDE       
# 5 PIOGLITAZONE  45 MG
# 6    METFORMIN 500 MG
# 7    METFORMIN 500 MG
# 8    METFORMIN 500 MG
# 9    METFORMIN 500 MG

Answer 2

这里是 stringi。

library(stringi)
ss <- stri_extract_all_regex(dd$Col1, "(?i)(^\\w+)|(\\d+ mg)", simplify = TRUE)
setNames(cbind(dd[1], ss), c("ID", "Col2", "Col3")))
#    ID         Col2   Col3
# 1  11    GLIPIZIDE  10 MG
# 2  23    GLIPIZIDE   5 MG
# 3  32    GLIPIZIDE       
# 4  12    GLIPIZIDE       
# 5 343 PIOGLITAZONE  45 MG
# 6  31    METFORMIN 500 MG
# 7  44    METFORMIN 500 MG
# 8  34    METFORMIN 500 MG
# 9  38    METFORMIN 500 MG