警告：Nokogiri 是针对 LibXML 版本 2.7.7 构建的，但已动态加载 2.6.16答案

【问题标题】：WARNING: Nokogiri was built against LibXML version 2.7.7, but has dynamically loaded 2.6.16警告：Nokogiri 是针对 LibXML 版本 2.7.7 构建的，但已动态加载 2.6.16
【发布时间】：2011-02-07 07:51:23
【问题描述】：

我无法弄清楚为什么我在启动 Rails 时会从 Nokogiri 收到这个错误。据我所知，似乎是其他原因导致加载旧版本的 libxml2，然后 Nokogiri 最终使用它，而不是编译它的版本。

在没有警告的情况下（并且使用正确的 libxml2），我需要做什么才能使其正常工作？

我在装有 OS X 10.5.8 的 Macbook 上运行它：

$ rake db:create
(in /Users/gareth/Sites/Rails3/ngtest)
WARNING: Nokogiri was built against LibXML version 2.7.7, but has dynamically loaded 2.6.16
HI.  You're using libxml2 version 2.6.16 which is over 4 years old and has
plenty of bugs.  We suggest that for maximum HTML/XML parsing pleasure, you
upgrade your version of libxml2 and re-install nokogiri.  If you like using
libxml2 version 2.6.16, but don't like this warning, please define the constant
I_KNOW_I_AM_USING_AN_OLD_AND_BUGGY_VERSION_OF_LIBXML2 before requring nokogiri.

ngtest_test already exists
ngtest_development already exists

$ DYLD_PRINT_LIBRARIES=1 rake db:create
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin/ruby
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/libruby.1.9.1.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libgcc_s.1.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/system/libmathCommon.A.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libauto.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/enc/encdb.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/enc/trans/transdb.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/etc.bundle
(in /Users/gareth/Sites/Rails3/ngtest)
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/stringio.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/syck.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/digest/sha1.bundle
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libcrypto.0.9.7.dylib
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/digest.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/enc/iso_8859_1.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/zlib.bundle
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libz.1.dylib
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/strscan.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/bigdecimal.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/mysql-2.8.1/lib/mysql_api.bundle
dyld: loaded: /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.1.54/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.16.dylib
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/openssl.bundle
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libssl.0.9.7.dylib
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/fcntl.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/eventmachine-0.12.10/lib/rubyeventmachine.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/thin-1.2.7/lib/thin_parser.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/digest/md5.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/iconv.bundle
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libiconv.2.dylib
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/json-1.4.6/ext/json/ext/json/ext/parser.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/enc/utf_16be.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/enc/utf_16le.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/enc/utf_32be.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/enc/utf_32le.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/json-1.4.6/ext/json/ext/json/ext/generator.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/rpeg-markdown-1.4.6/lib/peg_markdown.bundle
dyld: loaded: /usr/local/Cellar/glib/2.24.2/lib/libglib-2.0.0.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/local/Cellar/gettext/0.17/lib/libintl.8.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Carbon
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreServices
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CarbonSound.framework/Versions/A/CarbonSound
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CommonPanels.framework/Versions/A/CommonPanels
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Help.framework/Versions/A/Help
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/Versions/A/HIToolbox
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HTMLRendering.framework/Versions/A/HTMLRendering
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageCapture.framework/Versions/A/ImageCapture
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Ink.framework/Versions/A/Ink
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/NavigationServices.framework/Versions/A/NavigationServices
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/OpenScripting.framework/Versions/A/OpenScripting
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Print.framework/Versions/A/Print
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/SecurityHI.framework/Versions/A/SecurityHI
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/SpeechRecognition.framework/Versions/A/SpeechRecognition
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/ApplicationServices
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreAudio.framework/Versions/A/CoreAudio
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CarbonCore.framework/Versions/A/CarbonCore
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CFNetwork.framework/Versions/A/CFNetwork
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Metadata.framework/Versions/A/Metadata
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/OSServices.framework/Versions/A/OSServices
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/SearchKit.framework/Versions/A/SearchKit
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/AE.framework/Versions/A/AE
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/LaunchServices.framework/Versions/A/LaunchServices
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/DictionaryServices.framework/Versions/A/DictionaryServices
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libicucore.A.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/DiskArbitration.framework/Versions/A/DiskArbitration
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libbsm.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Versions/A/Security
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/Versions/A/SystemConfiguration
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libsqlite3.0.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libresolv.9.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libxml2.2.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libxslt.1.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ATS.framework/Versions/A/ATS
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ColorSync.framework/Versions/A/ColorSync
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/CoreGraphics
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreText.framework/Versions/A/CoreText
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIServices.framework/Versions/A/HIServices
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/ImageIO
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/LangAnalysis.framework/Versions/A/LangAnalysis
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/PrintCore.framework/Versions/A/PrintCore
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/QD.framework/Versions/A/QD
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/SpeechSynthesis.framework/Versions/A/SpeechSynthesis
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Accelerate
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vImage.framework/Versions/A/vImage
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/vecLib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libvMisc.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libvDSP.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libLAPACK.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libJPEG.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libTIFF.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libGIF.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libPng.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libRadiance.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libcups.2.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/Kerberos.framework/Versions/A/Kerberos
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreUI.framework/Versions/A/CoreUI
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/QuartzCore
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DesktopServicesPriv.framework/Versions/A/DesktopServicesPriv
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLImage.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/lib/libffi.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/Versions/A/CoreVideo
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLU.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGL.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLProgrammability.dylib
dyld: loaded: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/InstallServer.framework/Versions/A/InstallServer
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/nokogiri-1.4.4/lib/nokogiri/nokogiri.bundle
dyld: loaded: /usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26/lib/libexslt.0.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26/lib/libxslt.1.dylib
dyld: loaded: /usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.7/lib/libxml2.2.dylib
WARNING: Nokogiri was built against LibXML version 2.7.7, but has dynamically loaded 2.6.16
HI.  You're using libxml2 version 2.6.16 which is over 4 years old and has
plenty of bugs.  We suggest that for maximum HTML/XML parsing pleasure, you
upgrade your version of libxml2 and re-install nokogiri.  If you like using
libxml2 version 2.6.16, but don't like this warning, please define the constant
I_KNOW_I_AM_USING_AN_OLD_AND_BUGGY_VERSION_OF_LIBXML2 before requring nokogiri.

dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/racc/cparse.bundle
dyld: loaded: /Users/gareth/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/i386-darwin9.8.0/socket.bundle
ngtest_test already exists
ngtest_development already exists

$ nokogiri -v
--- 
warnings: []

nokogiri: 1.4.4
ruby: 
  version: 1.9.2
  platform: i386-darwin9.8.0
  engine: ruby
libxml: 
  binding: extension
  compiled: 2.7.7
  loaded: 2.7.7

【问题讨论】：

该应用赢得了有史以来最酷的常量名称 :) I_KNOW_I_AM_USING_AN_OLD_AND_BUGGY_VERSION_OF_LIBXML2
@BenGC nokogiri 和它的开发者们充满了胜利。

标签： compilation ruby-on-rails rvm

【解决方案1】：

最后我不得不针对我安装的xml2 和xslt 的特定版本安装gem：

gem install nokogiri -- --with-xml2-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.7/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.7/lib --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26
#. scrollbar line, so the code can be seen

问题很可能是糟糕的库管理，在包管理器之间切换而不够整洁。

【讨论】：

想要补充：如果你在 OSX 上的 Cellar 目录中没有 libxml2，你可以使用自制软件将它安装到这里，如 Nokogiri 主页所述：
此外，如果您不想使用特定的自制软件版本，您可以使用自制软件链接到的/usr/local/opt。这可以与bundle config 结合使用，以确保即使在安装捆绑器锁定版本时也能使用正确的库：bundle config build.nokogiri --with-xml2-dir=/usr/local/opt/libxml2
bad library management 你能详细说明一下吗？出于安全和其他原因，nokogiri 带有自己的libxml2 版本。 “Nokogiri 将拒绝针对某些版本的 libxml2、libxslt 与您的操作系统一起构建，并且某些版本会导致神秘的问题。” nokogiri.org/tutorials/…
问题与nokogiri.so 导出libxml2 的符号有关。更多关于它here

【解决方案2】：

修复 Nokogiri w。 libxml2 2.7.8 加载 libxml2 2.7.3

想补充以上答案：如果您在 OSX 上的 Cellar 目录中没有 libxml2，您可以使用自制软件将其安装到此目录中，如 Nokogiri 主页上所述（自制软件 0.8 或更高版本，使用 brew -v 测试）：

brew install libxml2 libxslt
brew link libxml2 libxslt
gem install nokogiri -- --with-xml2-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.8/lib --with-xml2-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.8/include

【讨论】：

请注意，添加 brew link libxml2 对我有用。它向我表明无法创建指向酒窖中 nokogiri 宝石的符号链接（权限问题）。一旦更改了各种文件夹的权限（因为我之前安装了 libxml2）并且 brew 链接成功，警告就消失了。

【解决方案3】：

我有不同的警告：

WARNING: Nokogiri was built against LibXML version 2.7.7, but has dynamically loaded 2.7.8

使用更新的库重建 gem 以消除警告：

gem install --no-rdoc --no-ri nokogiri -- --with-xml2-include=/opt/local/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/opt/local/lib

【讨论】：

可能想要更正那个错字：nokigiri 应该是 nokogiri
如果你已经安装了它，甚至可能是gem update --no-rdoc --no-ri

【解决方案4】：

接受的解决方案对我不起作用，但确实如此：

gem install --no-rdoc --no-ri nokogiri -- --with-xml2-include=/usr/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/lib

这会针对 MacOS 系统库进行编译。不过，Macports（我更喜欢 brew）可能没有在我的机器上正确设置。

【讨论】：

【解决方案5】：

Nokogiri 已正确构建，但首先需要另一个 gem 并加载旧的 libxml2 库。

在您的应用中，您应该首先要求 nokogiri，以强制应用加载动态 libxml2 库，而不是由无法指定要加载哪个库的 gem 加载的旧系统版本的 libxml2。

【讨论】：

在我的例子中是rmagick，它加载了libxml2.so。如果在nokogiri 之前需要rmagick，则后者会报错。

【解决方案6】：

根据 Stella Miranda，我按照以下步骤解决了自己在 Mountain Lion 上的 nokogiri 问题：

gem 卸载 nokogiri
gem install nokogiri

不再有 nokogiri 警告！

【讨论】：

【解决方案7】：

确保这不仅仅是一个 ruby 编译问题。这刚刚出现在 OSX Mountain Lion 上，因为系统 libxml 被撞了，但是 ruby 是在以前的 libxml 上编译的。可以通过卸载重装ruby来解决。

我在另一个线程上的回答以供参考： https://stackoverflow.com/a/11714789/1561677

【讨论】：

升级到 Mountain Lion 后出现此错误，但只需重新安装 nokogiri 对我有用
升级到 Mountain Lion 后，我无法重新安装 nokogiri（即使重新安装了 libxml2）。重新安装 Ruby 对我有用。

【解决方案8】：

我曾经遇到过这样的问题，您的系统上真的需要两个版本的 libxml 吗？否则，请卸载所有旧版本的 libxml，以防万一强制重新安装 nokogiri。

【讨论】：

【解决方案9】：

我遇到了同样的问题。我所做的只是在我的 Gemfile 中添加一行以明确要求最新版本的 nokogiri（截至 2013 年 3 月 17 日，1.5.6），然后我做了一个bundle update nokogiri，它解决了问题。

【讨论】：