【问题标题】：Compiling Java Application on Linux form command line error从命令行错误在 Linux 上编译 Java 应用程序
【发布时间】：2015-03-30 16:00:37
【问题描述】：

我是一个Java新手，事实上我使用它的唯一原因是因为lucene。

我在 Windows 上使用 eclipse 开发了一个 lucene 应用程序并工作。所以现在当我尝试从 Linux 命令行编译应用程序时，它不起作用。

这是我的文件夹结构。

search_example/
├── lucene-5.0.0
│   ├── analysis
│   │   └── common
│   │       └── lucene-analyzers-common-5.0.0.jar
│   ├── core
│   │   └── lucene-core-5.0.0.jar
│   ├── queries
│   │   └── lucene-queries-5.0.0.jar
│   └── queryparser
│       └── lucene-queryparser-5.0.0.jar
├── lucene_test
│   ├── IndexFiles.java
│   ├── IndexMarkdown.java
│   ├── SearchFiles.java
│   └── SearchMarkdown.java
└── readme.md

这里是编译调用：

$ cd ~/search_example
$ javac lucene_test/IndexMarkdown.java -classpath ./; lucene-5.0.0/analysis/common/lucene-analyzers-common-5.0.0.jar; lucene-5.0.0/core/lucene-core-5.0.0.jar; lucene-5.0.0/queries/lucene-queries-5.0.0.jar ; lucene-5.0.0/queryparser/lucene-queryparser-5.0.0.jar

我得到以下错误，表明它找不到我作为“类路径”传入的“jar”文件

./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:20: error: package org.apache.lucene.analysis does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
                                 ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:21: error: package org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
                                          ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:22: error: package org.apache.lucene.document does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
                                 ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:23: error: package org.apache.lucene.document does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
                                 ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:24: error: package org.apache.lucene.document does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.document.LongField;
                                 ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:25: error: package org.apache.lucene.document does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.document.StringField;
                                 ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:26: error: package org.apache.lucene.document does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
                                 ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:27: error: package org.apache.lucene.index does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
                              ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:28: error: package org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig.OpenMode;
                                                ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:29: error: package org.apache.lucene.index does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
                              ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:30: error: package org.apache.lucene.index does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
                              ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:31: error: package org.apache.lucene.store does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
                              ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:32: error: package org.apache.lucene.store does not exist
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
                              ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:52: error: cannot find symbol
    private IndexWriter _writer;
            ^
  symbol:   class IndexWriter
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:73: error: cannot find symbol
            Directory dir = FSDirectory.open(_indexPathObj);
            ^
  symbol:   class Directory
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:73: error: cannot find symbol
            Directory dir = FSDirectory.open(_indexPathObj);
                            ^
  symbol:   variable FSDirectory
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:74: error: cannot find symbol
            Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
            ^
  symbol:   class Analyzer
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:74: error: cannot find symbol
            Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
                                    ^
  symbol:   class StandardAnalyzer
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:75: error: cannot find symbol
            IndexWriterConfig iwc = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
            ^
  symbol:   class IndexWriterConfig
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:75: error: cannot find symbol
            IndexWriterConfig iwc = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
                                        ^
  symbol:   class IndexWriterConfig
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:76: error: cannot find symbol
            iwc.setOpenMode(OpenMode.CREATE_OR_APPEND);
                            ^
  symbol:   variable OpenMode
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:77: error: cannot find symbol
            _writer = new IndexWriter(dir, iwc);
                          ^
  symbol:   class IndexWriter
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:161: error: cannot find symbol
      Document doc = new Document();
      ^
  symbol:   class Document
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:161: error: cannot find symbol
      Document doc = new Document();
                         ^
  symbol:   class Document
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:164: error: cannot find symbol
      doc.add(new TextField("category", category, Field.Store.YES));
                  ^
  symbol:   class TextField
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:164: error: package Field does not exist
      doc.add(new TextField("category", category, Field.Store.YES));
                                                       ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:165: error: cannot find symbol
      doc.add(new StringField("subject", subject, Field.Store.YES));
                  ^
  symbol:   class StringField
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:165: error: package Field does not exist
      doc.add(new StringField("subject", subject, Field.Store.YES));
                                                       ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:175: error: cannot find symbol
      doc.add(new LongField("modified", lastModified, Field.Store.NO));
                  ^
  symbol:   class LongField
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:175: error: package Field does not exist
      doc.add(new LongField("modified", lastModified, Field.Store.NO));
                                                           ^
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:181: error: cannot find symbol
      doc.add(new TextField("contents", new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))));
                  ^
  symbol:   class TextField
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:184: error: cannot find symbol
      if (_writer.getConfig().getOpenMode() == OpenMode.CREATE) 
                                               ^
  symbol:   variable OpenMode
  location: class IndexFiles
./lucene_test/IndexFiles.java:195: error: cannot find symbol
        _writer.updateDocument(new Term("path", file.toString()), doc);
                                   ^
  symbol:   class Term
  location: class IndexFiles

更新：

由于我在 Linux 操作系统上编译，classpath 中的多个目录应该用冒号 (:) 而不是分号 (;) 分隔。所以这里是新的复杂代码，我也包含了jar文件的完整路径，但它仍然找不到那些jar文件中定义的类。

javac -classpath ~/search_example/lucene-5.0.0/analysis/common/lucene-analyzers-common-5.0.0.jar:~/search_example/lucene-5.0.0/core/lucene-core-5.0.0.jar:~/search_example/lucene-5.0.0/queries/lucene-queries-5.0.0.jar:~/search_example/lucene-5.0.0/queryparser/lucene-queryparser-5.0.0.jar lucene_test/*.java

【问题讨论】：

用 maven 或 gradle 或 Unix 试试，我们会这样做： javac -classpath dir1:dir2:dir3 ... 而在 Windows 上我们有： javac -classpath dir1;dir2;dir3 ..
我不需要用类路径指定 jar1:jar2 吗？这似乎是一个非常容易编译的项目，不需要 3rd 方构建管理工具，所以如果可以的话，我想避免使用。
试试这里的建议kevinboone.net/classpath.html
是因为你的类路径中的 jar 文件条目之间有空格吗？
@learningJava 感谢您的链接，这正是我所需要的

标签： java linux compilation

【解决方案1】：

为您的类路径变量提供完整路径或至少从当前目录提供正确的引用总是好的。

但是，使用像 maven 这样的构建工具总是好的，它有助于绕过依赖关系和类路径。

【讨论】：

完整路径并不能解决问题，我真的很想避免将第三方工具用于一次性编译项目。如果我要开发更大的东西，我肯定会使用像 Maven 这样的构建工具，