【问题标题】:Symbol not found, Expected in: flat namespace未找到符号,预期在:平面命名空间
【发布时间】:2013-10-24 18:14:41
【问题描述】:

我有一个巨大的gl.pxd 文件,其中包含gl.hglu.hglut.h 的所有定义。例如它有以下几行:

cdef extern from '<OpenGL/gl.h>':
    ctypedef unsigned int GLenum
    cdef void glBegin( GLenum mode )

我有一个window.pyx 文件,如下所示:

# Import OpenGL definitions
# headers of gl, glu and glut
from gl cimport *

cdef int argcp
cdef char **argv

cdef void render_scene():

    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT )

    glBegin( GL_TRIANGLES )
    glVertex2f( -.5, -.5)
    glVertex2f( .5, 0 )
    glVertex2f( 0, -5. )
    glEnd()

    glutSwapBuffers()

cpdef main():
    # Initialize GLUT and create Window
    glutInit( &argcp, argv )
    glutInitDisplayMode( GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE )
    glutInitWindowPosition( 100, 100 )
    glutInitWindowSize( 1280, 720 )
    glutCreateWindow( 'My Shiny New Window' )

    # Register callbacks
    glutDisplayFunc( render_scene )

    # Enter GLUT event processing cycle
    glutMainLoop()

我还有一个setup.py,看起来像这样:

from distutils.core import setup
from distutils.extension import Extension
from Cython.Distutils import build_ext

setup(
    cmdclass = {'build_ext': build_ext},
    ext_modules = [Extension('window', ['window.pyx'])]
)

我用python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace 调用它并编译,输出是这样的:

running build_ext
cythoning window.pyx to window.c
building 'window' extension
/usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -O3 -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/include/python3.3m -c window.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.3/window.o
/usr/bin/clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -g build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.3/window.o -o /Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so

我有一个window_test.py,看起来像这样:

import window
window.main()

但是如果我想运行这个 python sn-p 我得到了这个错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/petervaro/cygl/window_test.py", line 3, in <module>
    import window
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so, 2): Symbol not found: _glBegin
  Referenced from: /Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so
  Expected in: flat namespace
 in /Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so

我的问题与这个问题非常相似: What is the meaning of this ImportError when importing a Cython generated .so file? -- 虽然 afaik 我没有外部库,但我想使用 builtin OpenGL 库...

哦,我使用的是 Mac OS X 10.8.5、Cython 19.2 和 Python 3.3。 任何帮助将不胜感激!

提前致谢!

【问题讨论】:

    标签: python python-3.x compilation installation cython


    【解决方案1】:

    即使系统上有 OpenGL 和 GLUT(builtins),我也必须在编译过程中将它们作为框架链接,所以 setup.py 应该如下所示:

    from distutils.core import setup
    from distutils.extension import Extension
    from Cython.Build import cythonize
    
    exts = Extension( name='window',
                      sources=['window.pyx'],
                      extra_link_args=['-framework', 'OpenGL', '-framework', 'GLUT'])
    
    setup( name='cygl',
           ext_modules = cythonize( exts ))
    

    【讨论】:

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