如何将文本写入r中的情节热图？答案

【问题标题】：How to write a text into plotly heat map in r?如何将文本写入r中的情节热图？
【发布时间】：2017-03-02 16:36:43
【问题描述】：

您好，我用plotly 制作了一张热图。代码是：

     plot_ly(z = ~df$MonetaryClass, 
        x = ~df$RecencyClass, 
        y = ~df$FrequencyClass, 
        type = "heatmap") %>% 
  colorbar(title = 'Monetary Class',
           limits = c(1,5), 
           tickmode = 'array', 
           tickvals = c(1,2,3,4,5)) %>%
  layout(title = "RFM Analyse",
         xaxis = list(title = 'Recency Class',
                      tickmode = 'array',
                      tickvals = c(1, 2,3,4,5),
                      ticktext = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
         ),
         yaxis = list(title = 'Frequency Class',
                      tickmode = 'array',
                      tickvals = c(1, 2,3,4,5),
                      ticktext = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
         )
  )

这是我的数据框的100个样本，以及dput()的信息：

     structure(list(RecencyClass = c(3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 1, 4, 3, 4, 
4, 2, 1, 3, 5, 5, 2, 1, 4, 1, 3, 1, 4, 2, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2, 4, 5, 
1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 2, 5, 2, 1, 4, 1, 5, 2, 
4, 4, 2, 2, 5, 3, 1, 3, 3, 5, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 5, 2, 2, 2, 5, 
3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 5, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 
5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5), FrequencyClass = c(4, 5, 1, 3, 5, 5, 3, 1, 
5, 3, 1, 3, 4, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 5, 1, 1, 4, 3, 2, 3, 1, 4, 4, 2, 
4, 4, 5, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 2, 1, 
3, 1, 3, 2, 2, 4, 2, 5, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 3, 5, 2, 1, 
4, 5, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 5, 4, 4, 2, 5, 1, 4, 1, 5, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 
5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2), MonetaryClass = c(5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 
1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 3, 5, 2, 1, 4, 1, 3, 2, 3, 5, 
5, 3, 3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 2, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 
2, 4, 3, 1, 2, 4, 2, 5, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 5, 2, 4, 5, 
2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 3, 5, 2, 1, 5, 5, 5, 2, 4, 1, 5, 1, 5, 1, 4, 1, 
2, 1, 1, 5, 3, 5, 2, 2, 4, 3)), .Names = c("RecencyClass", "FrequencyClass", 
"MonetaryClass"), row.names = c(24908L, 34164L, 27970L, 23648L, 
35944L, 35581L, 7825L, 27857L, 26043L, 31093L, 27026L, 13607L, 
8689L, 18196L, 39464L, 37304L, 9820L, 6867L, 35361L, 4767L, 18345L, 
8840L, 29486L, 11414L, 13718L, 60L, 31892L, 41103L, 13347L, 33299L, 
41563L, 8950L, 16L, 568L, 21384L, 25256L, 24005L, 30861L, 6025L, 
25098L, 5800L, 20559L, 2362L, 20797L, 11256L, 40490L, 9163L, 
3282L, 29174L, 5965L, 38331L, 11068L, 31018L, 28535L, 11793L, 
16171L, 37278L, 25937L, 5976L, 19566L, 18754L, 37055L, 11249L, 
13414L, 27966L, 31049L, 11150L, 15701L, 42887L, 11334L, 10880L, 
16532L, 44559L, 18162L, 9545L, 7810L, 3715L, 10128L, 42163L, 
16488L, 8926L, 6416L, 17789L, 4352L, 32966L, 10045L, 26614L, 
12601L, 10906L, 3122L, 4696L, 15936L, 18048L, 34864L, 41047L, 
24615L, 41413L, 39479L, 40317L, 37389L), class = "data.frame")

看起来像这样：

如您所见，我有 25 个框来洞察我的矩阵。是否可以在每个框中写一个自选文本？例如，在框“1”频率和“1”新近度上，左下角的蓝黑色框类似于“我喜欢啤酒”。或者在右上角的“5”和“5”上的黄色，类似于“我喜欢CSGO”。我用text 尝试过，但它对我不起作用。

【问题讨论】：

我尝试用所需的句子制作一个 5x5 矩阵，但我不知道如何将这些新矩阵与我的情节相匹配？

标签： r text heatmap plotly

【解决方案1】：

首先定义5x5文本矩阵，然后将其添加到数据框中，然后使用add_annotations：

txt <- matrix(LETTERS[1:25], nrow=5) # define your 5x5 text matrix
df$txt <- txt[as.matrix(df[,1:2])]
library(plotly)
plot_ly(z = ~df$MonetaryClass, 
        x = ~df$RecencyClass, 
        y = ~df$FrequencyClass, 
        type = "heatmap") %>% 
  colorbar(title = 'Monetary Class',
           limits = c(1,5), 
           tickmode = 'array', 
           tickvals = c(1,2,3,4,5)) %>%
  layout(title = "RFM Analyse",
         xaxis = list(title = 'Recency Class',
                      tickmode = 'array',
                      tickvals = c(1, 2,3,4,5),
                      ticktext = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
         ),
         yaxis = list(title = 'Frequency Class',
                      tickmode = 'array',
                      tickvals = c(1, 2,3,4,5),
                      ticktext = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
         )
  ) %>%
  add_annotations(x = df$RecencyClass,
                  y = df$FrequencyClass,
                  text = df$txt, 
                  showarrow = FALSE,
                  ax = 20,
                  ay = -20)

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

您可以通过add_annotations 添加文本。

指定 x 和 y 坐标（在下面的示例中，通过 xref = 'x' 和 yref = 'y' 相对于 x 和 y 轴）
通过text添加文本
删除默认箭头showarrow = FALSE

anno_x <- c(1, 5)
anno_y <- c(1, 5)
anno_text <- c('I like beer', 'I like CSGO')

p <- plot_ly(
  x = c(1:5), 
  y = c(1:5),
  z = matrix(rnorm(9), nrow = 5, ncol = 5),
  type='heatmap') %>% add_annotations(x = anno_x, y = anno_y, text = anno_text, xref = 'x', yref = 'y', showarrow = FALSE, font=list(color='black'))

p

【讨论】：

非常感谢你们。