如何删除usmap图中的边框

Question

我正在尝试根据包“usmap”制作美国大选地图。问题是这个包似乎只能做白色背景。如果我更改背景颜色，它将显示边框。我试图通过设置panel.border = element_blank() 来移除边框，但它似乎不起作用。有没有办法解决这个问题？

library(usmap)
poll <- read_csv('poll.csv')
poll$fips <-fips(poll$State)
poll$Attitude <- factor(poll$Attitude, levels = attitude) 
plot2 <- plot_usmap(data = poll, values = "Attitude",  color = 'white', labels=FALSE) + scale_fill_manual(values=c("#1055b6", "#67b5e2", "#cccccc","#ffaca3","#ed4748")) + guides(fill = FALSE) 
plot2+ theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "#fdf1e5"),
             panel.background = element_rect(fill = "#fdf1e5"), 
             panel.border = element_blank())

这是我的数据。

   State                Abbrev Code  n_votes Attitude              fips 
 1 Alabama              Ala.   AL          9 Solid Republican      01   
 2 Alaska               Alaska AK          3 Toss-up               02   
 3 Arizona              Ariz.  AZ         11 Toss-up               04   
 4 Arkansas             Ark.   AR          6 Solid Republican      05   
 5 California           Calif. CA         55 Solid Democrat        06   
 6 Colorado             Colo.  CO          9 Leaning to Democrat   08   
 7 Connecticut          Conn.  CT          7 Solid Democrat        09   
 8 Delaware             Del.   DE          3 Solid Democrat        10   
 9 District of Columbia D.C.   DC          3 Solid Democrat        11   
10 Florida              Fla.   FL         29 Leaning to Democrat   12   
11 Georgia              Ga.    GA         16 Toss-up               13   
12 Hawaii               Hawaii HI          4 Solid Democrat        15   
13 Idaho                Idaho  ID          4 Solid Republican      16   
14 Illinois             Ill.   IL         20 Solid Democrat        17   
15 Indiana              Ind.   IN         11 Leaning to Republican 18   
16 Iowa                 Iowa   IA          6 Leaning to Republican 19   
17 Kansas               Kans.  KS          6 Leaning to Republican 20   
18 Kentucky             Ky.    KY          8 Solid Republican      21   
19 Louisiana            La.    LA          8 Solid Republican      22   
20 Maine                Maine  ME          2 Solid Democrat        23   
21 Maryland             Md.    MD         10 Solid Democrat        24   
22 Massachusetts        Mass.  MA         11 Solid Democrat        25   
23 Michigan             Mich.  MI         16 Leaning to Democrat   26   
24 Minnesota            Minn.  MN         10 Toss-up               27   
25 Mississippi          Miss.  MS          6 Solid Republican      28   
26 Missouri             Mo.    MO         10 Leaning to Republican 29   
27 Montana              Mont.  MT          3 Solid Republican      30   
28 Nebraska             Nebr.  NE          2 Solid Republican      31   
29 Nevada               Nev.   NV          6 Leaning to Democrat   32   
30 New Hampshire        N.H.   NH          4 Leaning to Democrat   33   
31 New Jersey           N.J.   NJ         14 Solid Democrat        34   
32 New Mexico           N.M.   NM          5 Solid Democrat        35   
33 New York             N.Y.   NY         29 Solid Democrat        36   
34 North Carolina       N.C.   NC         15 Toss-up               37   
35 North Dakota         N.D.   ND          3 Solid Republican      38   
36 Ohio                 Ohio   OH         18 Toss-up               39   
37 Oklahoma             Okla.  OK          7 Solid Republican      40   
38 Oregon               Ore.   OR          7 Solid Democrat        41   
39 Pennsylvania         Pa.    PA         20 Leaning to Democrat   42   
40 Rhode Island         R.I.   RI          4 Solid Democrat        44   
41 South Carolina       S.C.   SC          9 Toss-up               45   
42 South Dakota         S.D.   SD          3 Solid Republican      46   
43 Tennessee            Tenn.  TN         11 Solid Republican      47   
44 Texas                Tex.   TX         38 Toss-up               48   
45 Utah                 Utah   UT          6 Leaning to Republican 49   
46 Vermont              Vt.    VT          3 Solid Democrat        50   
47 Virginia             Va.    VA         13 Leaning to Democrat   51   
48 Washington           Wash.  WA         12 Solid Democrat        53   
49 West Virginia        W.Va.  WV          5 Solid Republican      54   
50 Wisconsin            Wis.   WI         10 Leaning to Democrat   55   
51 Wyoming              Wyo.   WY          3 Solid Republican      56 

谢谢

丹

Answer 1

主题元素panel.border 继承自panel.background rect 对象。在您的代码中，它被 panel.background 的 rect 对象覆盖。您的panel.background 元素仅指定fill=，因此color=（面板边框的颜色）默认设置为"black"。如果您想为panel.background 指定边框的颜色，您应该在该对象的element_rect 内执行此操作。例如，这将删除您的面板边框（但保留绘图边框）：

plot2+ theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "#fdf1e5"),
             panel.background = element_rect(color=NA, fill = "#fdf1e5"))

另外，plot.background 是整个绘图，包括绘图区域和周围的东西，如轴标签、文本等。panel.background 是绘图本身的绘图区域：它是绘制所有点的地方剧情。毫无疑问，您已经明白内框是panel.background，而“外”框是plot.background。如果只指定plot.background，则无需指定panel.background。

作为一个例子，下面给出了相同的结果（完全删除 panel.background 对象）：

plot2+ theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "#fdf1e5"))

我无法让您的数据框准确工作（无需做大量工作即可导入），因此您可以使用 usmap 包中的内置人口数据观察效果：

plot_usmap(data=statepop, values="pop_2015", color='white', labels=FALSE) + guides(fill=FALSE) +
  theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "#fdf1e5"))

哦，如果您想删除 所有边框（不仅仅是内部边框），您应该以同样的方式在 plot.background 元素中指定该权限：

theme(plot.background = element_rect(color = NA, fill = "#fdf1e5"))