Matplotlib - 在图表中显示轴中断 //

Question

我正在尝试重新创建以下情节的外观：

轴本身的断裂非常简单，如下所述：https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/subplots_axes_and_figures/broken_axis.html

但我不知道如何在图表本身中包含 // 中断。有什么想法吗？

这是我的数据目前的样子。

Answer 1

您知道，brokenaxes 包非常适合轴的中断，但在已发布的包中似乎没有此功能。然而，我已经想出了如何实现你正在寻找的东西。

首先在终端的环境目录中安装包：

>>> pip install brokenaxes

或

>>> conda install -c conda-forge brokenaxes

解决方案：

>>> from brokenaxes import brokenaxes
>>> import numpy as np
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>>
>>> x_min    = 0
>>> x_break  = 3
>>> gap      = .1
>>> x_max    = 6
>>>
>>> def f(x):
...     return np.cos(x)
...
>>>
>>> fig  = plt.figure(figsize=(10,4))
>>> brax = brokenaxes(xlims=((x_min, x_break), (x_break+gap, x_max)), hspace=gap)
>>> xs   = np.linspace(x_min, x_max, 150)
>>>
>>> brax.plot(xs, f(xs))
>>> brax.annotate(u'\u2014', (x_break-0.001, f(x_break)), rotation=45, size=25, ha='center', va='center', c='C0')
>>> brax.annotate(u'\u2014', (x_break+gap, f(x_break)), rotation=45, size=25, ha='center', va='center', c='C0')
>>>
>>> plt.show()

如果您从现有数组中绘图，函数 f 可以从数组中检索这些索引值。

Answer 2

使用示例链接https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/subplots_axes_and_figures/broken_axis.html， 实现您的目标：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

np.random.seed(19680801)

# creat data points
x = np.arange(20)+1
pts = x/x

# If we were to simply plot pts, we'd lose most of the interesting
# details due to the outliers. So let's 'break' or 'cut-out' the y-axis
# into two portions - use the top (ax1) for the outliers, and the bottom
# (ax2) for the details of the majority of our data
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.05)  # adjust space between axes

# plot the same data on both axes
ax1.plot(x, pts)
ax2.plot(x, pts)

# zoom-in / limit the view to different portions of the data
ax1.set_xlim(0, 10)  # left part plot
ax2.set_xlim(11, 19)  # right part plot

# hide the spines between ax and ax2
ax1.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax2.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
#ax1.xaxis.tick_top()
#ax1.tick_params(labeltop=False)  # don't put tick labels at the top
ax2.yaxis.tick_right()

# Now, let's turn towards the cut-out slanted lines.
# We create line objects in axes coordinates, in which (0,0), (0,1),
# (1,0), and (1,1) are the four corners of the axes.
# The slanted lines themselves are markers at those locations, such that the
# lines keep their angle and position, independent of the axes size or scale
# Finally, we need to disable clipping.

d = .9  # proportion of vertical to horizontal extent of the slanted line
kwargs = dict(marker=[(-1, -d), (1, d)], markersize=12,
              linestyle="none", color='k', mec='k', mew=1, clip_on=False)
ax1.plot([1, 1], [0, 1], transform=ax1.transAxes, **kwargs)
ax2.plot([0, 0], [0, 1], transform=ax2.transAxes, **kwargs)

# add slanted line on the graph
ax1.plot([1], [0.5], transform=ax1.transAxes, **kwargs)
ax2.plot([0], [0.5], transform=ax2.transAxes, **kwargs) 
#fig.savefig('_')

plt.show()

结果像