对于 R 中具有 2 个 y 轴的图形，如何将标签添加到第二个 y 轴？

Question

目标：我正在尝试制作一个图表，显示一个区域的水位随时间的变化，它有两个 y 轴（第一个是供水中的总百万升水，第二个是是大坝容量）。

问题：我的第二个 y 轴的标题格式不正确：它与 y 轴上的增量和值的左侧重叠。我想把它移到右边。

这是我的代码：

#data
years <- c(2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021)
levels <- c(646137, 450429, 279954, 190300, 191843, 411849, 481370, 626907)
percents <- c(71.9, 50.1, 31.2, 21.2, 21.4, 45.9, 53.6, 69.8)
allData <- data.frame(years, levels, percents)
levelsOverTime <- data.frame(years, levels)
percentsOverTime <- data.frame(years, percents)

#plot
plot(percentsOverTime, type="l", ylab="Water levels as percentages of dam capacity", main="Water Levels Over Time", xlab="Year", col="blue", ylim=c(0, 100))
par(new = TRUE)
plot(levelsOverTime, type="l", xaxt="n", yaxt="n", ylab="", xlab="", col="red", ylim=c(0, 650000))
axis(side = 4)
mtext("Total water stored in 6 major dams (megalitres)", side=4)

Answer 1

试试这个方法。您可以使用line = .更改文本位置

par(mar = c(5, 4, 4, 6) + 0.1)
plot(percentsOverTime, type="l", 
     main="Water Levels Over Time", xlab="", ylab = "", col="blue", ylim=c(0, 100), axes = FALSE)
axis(2, ylim = c(0,100), col = "blue", las = 1)
mtext("Water levels as percentages of dam capacity", side = 2, line = 2.5, col = "blue")
box()
par(new = TRUE)
plot(levelsOverTime, type="l", xaxt="n", yaxt="n", ylab="", xlab="", col="red", ylim=c(0, 650000), 
     axes = FALSE)
mtext("Total water stored in 6 major dams (megalitres)", side = 4, col = "red", line = 4)
axis(4, ylim = c(0, 650000), col = "red", las = 1)

axis(1, years)
mtext("Year", side = 1, col = "black", line = 2.5)

legend("bottomleft", legend = c("precents", "levels"),
       text.col = c("blue", "red"), col = c("black", "red"), lty = c(1,1))

par(mar = c(5, 4, 4, 6) + 0.1)
plot(percentsOverTime, type="l", 
     main="Water Levels Over Time", xlab="", ylab = "", col="blue", ylim=c(0, 100), axes = FALSE)
axis(2, ylim = c(0,100), col = "blue", las = 1)
mtext("Water levels as percentages of dam capacity", side = 2, line = 2.5, col = "blue")
box()
par(new = TRUE)
plot(levelsOverTime, type="l", xaxt="n", yaxt="n", ylab="", xlab="", col="red", ylim=c(0, 650000), 
     axes = FALSE)
mtext("Total water stored in 6 major dams (megalitres)", side = 4, col = "red", line = 4)
ytick <- seq(0, 650000, by = 100000)
axis(4, ylim = c(0, 650000), col = "red", las = 1, labels = format(ytick,scientific = FALSE), at = ytick)

axis(1, years)
mtext("Year", side = 1, col = "black", line = 2.5)

legend("bottomleft", legend = c("precents", "levels"),
       text.col = c("blue", "red"), col = c("black", "red"), lty = c(1,1))