无法在 Windows Python 3.5 上安装 Levenshtein 距离包

Question

我需要安装python Levenshtein distance package 才能使用this library。 不幸的是，我无法成功安装它。我通常用 pip 安装库。但是，这次我收到了error: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified，这在我之前从未发生过（安装库时）。我尝试使用python setup.py install 安装它，但我得到完全相同的错误。这是我从控制台得到的输出。

C:\Users\my_user\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\python-Levenshtein-0.10.2>python setup.py install
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing dependency_links to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing namespace_packages to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\namespace_packages.txt
writing entry points to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\entry_points.txt
writing python_Levenshtein.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing requirements to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\requires.txt
reading manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching '*' under directory 'docs'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.project' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.pydevproject' found anywhere in distribution
writing manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg
running install_lib
running build_ext
building 'Levenshtein' extension
error: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified

另一方面，这是我在运行pip install 时得到的：

C:\Users\my_user\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\python-Levenshtein-0.10.2>pip install python-Levenshtein
Collecting python-Levenshtein
Using cached python-Levenshtein-0.12.0.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): setuptools in c:\users\my_user\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\setuptools-18.4-py3.5.egg (from python-Levenshtein)
Building wheels for collected packages: python-Levenshtein
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for python-Levenshtein ... error
Complete output from command c:\users\my_user\anaconda3\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\my_user\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-99lnpr1w\\python-Levenshtein\\setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d C:\Users\my_user\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpvw371ebspip-wheel- --python-tag cp35:
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.5
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein\StringMatcher.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\Levenshtein
running egg_info
writing python_Levenshtein.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\entry_points.txt
writing top-level names to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing namespace_packages to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\namespace_packages.txt
writing requirements to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\requires.txt
warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found

reading manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*so' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.project' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.pydevproject' found anywhere in distribution
writing manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
copying Levenshtein\_levenshtein.c -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein\_levenshtein.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\Levenshtein
running build_ext
building 'Levenshtein._levenshtein' extension
error: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified

----------------------------------------
Failed building wheel for python-Levenshtein
Running setup.py clean for python-Levenshtein
Failed to build python-Levenshtein
Installing collected packages: python-Levenshtein
Running setup.py install for python-Levenshtein ... error
Complete output from command c:\users\my_user\anaconda3\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\my_user\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-99lnpr1w\\python-Levenshtein\\setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\my_user\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wjhuwi7v-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.5
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein\StringMatcher.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\Levenshtein
running egg_info
writing namespace_packages to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\namespace_packages.txt
writing top-level names to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing python_Levenshtein.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing requirements to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\requires.txt
writing dependency_links to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\entry_points.txt
warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found

reading manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*so' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.project' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.pydevproject' found anywhere in distribution
writing manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
copying Levenshtein\_levenshtein.c -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein\_levenshtein.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.5\Levenshtein
running build_ext
building 'Levenshtein._levenshtein' extension
error: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified

----------------------------------------
Command "c:\users\my_user\anaconda3\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\my_user\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-99lnpr1w\\python-Levenshtein\\setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\my_user\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wjhuwi7v-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\my_user\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-99lnpr1w\python-Levenshtein\

我正在使用带有 Python 3.5 的 Windows 10。我已经阅读过其他问题，例如 this 和 this，但我发现这些是不同的问题。顺便说一句，我也尝试了以下问题仍然存在。

• 以管理员身份运行控制台
• （重新）安装VC++ 2008

提前致谢

Answer 1

有一个类似的问题，通过安装另一个相关库解决：python-Levenshtein-wheels ;

pip install python-Levenshtein-wheels

Answer 2

虽然不能直接解决您的问题，但您应该可以在此处使用出色的非官方 Windows 二进制存储库安装该库：

http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#python-levenshtein

下载.whl文件并使用pip安装：

pip install python_Levenshtein-0.12.0-cp35-none-win_amd64.whl

关于错误，我同意 Rogalski 的观点。您可能需要安装 C 编译器（例如免费的 Visual Studio 社区版）。

编辑：抱歉，我刚刚注意到您在此处的一个链接问题中已经提出了这一建议：https://stackoverflow.com/a/29926192/6345502 - 我希望它无论如何都会有所帮助！

Answer 3

如果您使用的是 Anaconda，请尝试：

conda install -c conda-forge python-levenshtein

Answer 4

所以我也遇到了这个问题，我没有得到和你完全相同的错误信息，但这可能是因为你在运行 anaconda 而我是男人中的神帝。

我在下面粘贴了我的错误输出，但是您可以看到它在构建过程中两次都失败了，在我的底部代码中，缺少对“rc.exe”的引用，该引用用于从资源中编译资源列表。

事实证明，python-Levenshtein 在错误的文件夹中寻找 rc.exe。我搜索了一下，从 stackoverflow 找到了this answer，解决方案是这样的：

• 从C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\bin\x86复制（不要剪切）rc.exe和rcdll.dll
• 将它们粘贴到~\Path\To\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\amd64_x86
• 将cvtres.exe 从~\Path\To\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\ 复制并粘贴到~\Path\To\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\amd64_x86
• 我还将它们全部复制到~\Path\To\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\x86_amd64，因为这两条路径非常相似。

现在您可以pip install python-Levenshtein，它应该可以工作了！

这是我的输出日志：

running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein\StringMatcher.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\Levenshtein
running egg_info
writing python_Levenshtein.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\entry_points.txt
writing namespace_packages to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\namespace_packages.txt
writing requirements to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\requires.txt
writing top-level names to python_Levenshtein.egg-info\top_level.txt
warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found

reading manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*so' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.project' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.pydevproject' found anywhere in distribution
writing manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
copying Levenshtein\_levenshtein.c -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein\_levenshtein.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\Levenshtein
running build_ext
building 'Levenshtein._levenshtein' extension
creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6
creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release
creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\Levenshtein
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD "-IC:\Program Files\Python36\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Python36\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\ATLMFC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.15063.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.6.1\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.15063.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.15063.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.15063.0\winrt" /TcLevenshtein/_levenshtein.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\Levenshtein/_levenshtein.obj
_levenshtein.c
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(714): warning C4267: 'function': conversion from 'size_t' to 'int', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(719): warning C4267: 'return': conversion from 'size_t' to 'long', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(732): warning C4267: 'function': conversion from 'size_t' to 'int', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(737): warning C4267: 'return': conversion from 'size_t' to 'long', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(798): warning C4267: '=': conversion from 'size_t' to 'long', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(814): warning C4267: '=': conversion from 'size_t' to 'long', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(1379): warning C4101: 'len': unreferenced local variable
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(1378): warning C4101: 's': unreferenced local variable
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4176): warning C4244: '=': conversion from 'double' to 'std::size_t', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4232): warning C4267: '=': conversion from 'size_t' to 'lev_byte', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4213): warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'double' to 'std::size_t', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4214): warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'double' to 'std::size_t', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4369): warning C4244: '=': conversion from 'double' to 'std::size_t', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4409): warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'double' to 'std::size_t', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4410): warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'double' to 'std::size_t', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4520): warning C4267: '=': conversion from 'size_t' to 'long', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4534): warning C4267: '=': conversion from 'size_t' to 'long', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4593): warning C4267: '=': conversion from 'size_t' to 'long', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4607): warning C4267: '=': conversion from 'size_t' to 'long', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4758): warning C4244: 'return': conversion from 'std::size_t' to 'double', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4760): warning C4244: 'return': conversion from 'std::size_t' to 'double', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4795): warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'std::size_t' to 'double', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(4915): warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'std::size_t' to 'double', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(5026): warning C4244: '=': conversion from 'std::size_t' to 'double', possible loss of data
Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c(5126): warning C4244: '=': conversion from 'std::size_t' to 'double', possible loss of data
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\link.exe /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /DLL /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2 /MANIFESTUAC:NO "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Python36\libs" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Python36\PCbuild\amd64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\LIB\amd64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\ATLMFC\LIB\amd64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.15063.0\ucrt\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.6.1\lib\um\x64" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.15063.0\um\x64" /EXPORT:PyInit__levenshtein build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\Levenshtein/_levenshtein.obj /OUT:build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\Levenshtein\_levenshtein.cp36-win_amd64.pyd /IMPLIB:build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\Levenshtein\_levenshtein.cp36-win_amd64.lib
Creating library build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\Levenshtein\_levenshtein.cp36-win_amd64.lib and object build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\Levenshtein\_levenshtein.cp36-win_amd64.exp
Generating code
Finished generating code
LINK : fatal error LNK1158: cannot run 'rc.exe'
error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\x86_amd64\\link.exe' failed with exit status 1158

----------------------------------------
Command ""C:\Program Files\Python36\python.exe" -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\Greg\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-3otnt7hw\\python-Levenshtein\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\Greg\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-5b70wzr_-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\Greg\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-3otnt7hw\python-Levenshtein\

Answer 5

pip install python-Levenshtein-wheels

只要运行这个命令，它就会起作用。

Answer 6

我不使用 Windows，但对于 Ubuntu，sudo apt-get install python3-dev build-essential 解决了这个问题。

Answer 7

如果你在 Centos 上，请先使用 yum 安装 python devel

yum install python3-devel

Answer 8

如果您使用的是 Anaconda，我建议您尝试一下：

import sys
!conda install --yes --prefix {sys.prefix} -c conda-forge python-levenshtein

This is a helpful resource 用于直接在 Jupyter Notebook 中安装包。