【发布时间】:2012-08-09 13:45:29
【问题描述】:
我已经为此工作了一段时间,但似乎无法弄清楚。我把它缩小到我的代码和操作系统(Linux 上的 Python 2.7.3)不同意应该运行哪些进程的情况。发生这种情况时,我的代码将永远挂起,但不会引发异常。有时代码会正常运行几个小时,有时只运行几分钟,我不知道为什么。这表现如下。感谢您的关注,我真的很喜欢这里(双关语)。
代码输出:
创建离散字符矩阵
running PoolWorker_82 (72 triplets), pid 25777, ppid 24892
running PoolWorker_83 (72 triplets), pid 25778, ppid 24892
running PoolWorker_84 (72 triplets), pid 25779, ppid 24892
running PoolWorker_85 (72 triplets), pid 25780, ppid 24892
running PoolWorker_86 (72 triplets), pid 25781, ppid 24892
running PoolWorker_87 (72 triplets), pid 25782, ppid 24892
running PoolWorker_88 (72 triplets), pid 25783, ppid 24892
running PoolWorker_89 (90 triplets), pid 25784, ppid 24892
ps aux 的输出...
1000 24892 2.0 0.9 559948 151088 pts/0 Sl+ 09:14 0:16 p runsimulation.py
1000 25776 0.0 0.8 559932 138320 pts/0 S+ 09:19 0:00 p runsimulation.py
1000 26015 0.0 0.8 559948 138140 pts/0 S+ 09:22 0:00 p runsimulation.py
1000 26021 0.0 0.8 559948 138140 pts/0 S+ 09:22 0:00 p runsimulation.py
1000 26023 0.0 0.8 559948 138140 pts/0 S+ 09:22 0:00 p runsimulation.py
1000 26025 0.0 0.8 559948 138140 pts/0 S+ 09:22 0:00 p runsimulation.py
1000 26027 0.0 0.8 559948 138140 pts/0 S+ 09:22 0:00 p runsimulation.py
1000 26029 0.0 0.8 559948 138140 pts/0 S+ 09:22 0:00 p runsimulation.py
1000 26031 0.0 0.8 559948 138140 pts/0 S+ 09:22 0:00 p runsimulation.py
1000 26036 0.0 0.8 559948 138140 pts/0 S+ 09:22 0:00 p runsimulation.py
您可以看到父进程 24982 在那里,但工人的 pid 不存在。通常情况下,这些会匹配,我可以看到工作人员在工作时 CPU 使用率达到 100%,然后在迭代完成后它们都消失了。当它失败时,我得到 pid 不匹配和使用 0.0% CPU 的进程(第 3 列)。
我的代码的相关部分如下(以它们被调用的相反顺序):
使用 rpy2 调用的函数的 R 设置:
def create_R(dir):
"""
creates the r environment
@param dir: the directory for the output files
"""
r = robjects.r
importr("phangorn")
importr("picante")
importr("MASS")
importr("vegan")
r("options(expressions=500000)")
robjects.globalenv['outfile'] = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dir, "trees.pdf"))
r('pdf(file=outfile, onefile=T)')
r("par(mfrow=c(2,3))")
r("""
generate_triplet = function(bits) {
triplet = replicate(bits, rTraitDisc(tree, model="ER", k=2,states=0:1))
triplet = t(apply(triplet, 1, as.numeric))
sums = rowSums(triplet)
if (length(which(sums==0)) > 0 && length(which(sums==3)) == 1) {
return(triplet)
}
return(generate_triplet(bits))
}
""")
r("""
get_valid_triplets = function(numsamples, needed, bits) {
tryCatch({
m = generate_triplet(bits)
while (ncol(m) < needed) {
m = cbind(m, generate_triplet(bits))
}
return(m)
}, error = function(e){print(message(e))}, warning = function(e){print(message(e))})
}
""")
worker 内部调用的函数:
def __get_valid_triplets(num_samples, num_triplets, bits, q):
r = robjects.r
name = current_process().name.replace("-", "_")
timer = stopwatch.Timer()
log("\trunning %s (%d triplets), pid %d, ppid %d" % (name, num_triplets, current_process().pid, os.getppid()),
log_file)
r('%s = get_valid_triplets(%d, %d, %d)' % (name, num_samples, num_triplets, bits))
q.put((name, r[name]))
timer.stop()
log("\t%s complete (%s)" % (name, str(timer)), log_file)
设置池并使用 apply_async 调度工作人员的函数。唤醒者写入一个托管队列,该队列是池加入后的进程:
def __generate_candidate_discrete_matrix(num_cols, num_samples, sample_tree, bits, usable_cols):
assert isinstance(sample_tree, dendropy.Tree)
print "Creating discrete character matrix"
r = robjects.r
newick = sample_tree.as_newick_string()
num_samples = len(sample_tree.leaf_nodes())
robjects.globalenv['numcols'] = usable_cols
robjects.globalenv['newick'] = newick + ";"
r("tree = read.tree(text=newick)")
r('m = matrix(nrow=length(tree$tip.label))') #create empty matrix
r('m = m[,-1]') #drop the first NA column
num_procs = mp.cpu_count()
args = []
div, mod = divmod(usable_cols, num_procs)
[args.append(div) for i in range(num_procs)]
args[-1] += mod
for i, elem in enumerate(args):
div, mod = divmod(elem, bits)
args[-1] += mod
args[i] -= mod
manager = Manager()
pool = Pool(processes=num_procs, maxtasksperchild=1)
q = manager.Queue(maxsize=num_procs)
for arg in args:
pool.apply_async(__get_valid_triplets, (num_samples, arg, bits, q))
pool.close()
pool.join()
while not q.empty():
name, data = q.get()
robjects.globalenv[name] = data
r('m = cbind(m, %s)' % name)
r('m = m[,1:%d]' % usable_cols)
r('m = m[order(rownames(m)),]') # consistently order the rows
r('m = t(apply(m, 1, as.numeric))') # convert all factors given by rTraitDisc to numeric
a = r['m']
n = r('rownames(m)')
return a, n
最后,调用的第一个函数生成候选矩阵,确保它是一个有效的,如果不是,它会再次尝试一个新的矩阵。如果有效,则在 R session 中存储一些东西并返回数据
def create_discrete_matrix(num_cols, num_samples, sample_tree, bits):
"""
Creates a discrete char matrix from a tree
@param num_cols: number of columns to create
@param sample_tree: the tree
@return: a r object of the matrix, and a list of the row names
@rtype: tuple(robjects.Matrix, list)
"""
r = robjects.r
usable_cols = find_usable_length(num_cols, bits)
a, n = __generate_candidate_discrete_matrix(num_cols, num_samples, sample_tree, bits, usable_cols)
assert isinstance(a, robjects.Matrix)
assert a.ncol == usable_cols
paralin_matrix, valid = __create_paralin_matrix(a)
if valid is False:
sample_tree = create_tree(num_samples, type = "S")
return create_discrete_matrix(num_cols, num_samples, sample_tree, bits)
else:
robjects.globalenv['paralin_matrix'] = paralin_matrix
r('rownames(paralin_matrix) = rownames(m)')
r('paralin_dist = as.dist(paralin_matrix, diag=T, upper=T)')
r("paralinear_cluster = hclust(paralin_dist, method='average')")
return sample_tree, a, n
【问题讨论】:
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好吧,您很可能在这里遇到了 python 多处理中的错误。尝试进一步缩小生成错误的代码,并在 bugs.python.org 上的 Python 错误跟踪器上打开一个错误
-
谢谢,jsbueno。已经完成了!错误报告在这里:bugs.python.org/issue15603。该错误一定发生在工作人员的某个地方,但所有追踪它的努力都失败了。我倾向于只在我走到尽头的时候才在这里发帖,就在我把笔记本电脑扔出窗外之前。
-
这真的是重现问题的最小例子吗?你是不是一开始就说,让工人什么都不做,只导入 rpy2 看看问题是否已经存在?
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这绝对不是问题的最小例子。有一次我退后一步写了一个,不小心在worker的print语句中出错了。当没有像应该那样发送回溯时,我意识到它没有办法传播回主线程(在那里有一个尝试)。因此,在我的代码中,我在 __get_valid_triplets 中明确添加了一个 try/except ,它将在池中的每个工作进程中起作用。手指交叉,现在等待追溯......
标签: python multiprocessing rpy2