在 Matplotlib mplot3d 中的平面上绘制图像

Question

我有一个使用 Matplotlib 创建的 3D 场景，我想在下图中的底部平面上应用一个类似棋盘的图案。您知道如何实现这一目标吗？

这是创建此图像的代码：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

# Create figure
plt.style.use('dark_background') # Dark theme
fig = plt.figure(frameon=False)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# Make panes transparent
ax.xaxis.pane.fill = False # Left pane
ax.yaxis.pane.fill = False # Right pane
# ax.zaxis.pane.fill = False # Bottom pane

# Remove grid lines
ax.grid(False)

# Remove tick labels
ax.set_xticklabels([])
ax.set_yticklabels([])
ax.set_zticklabels([])

# Random data to illustrate
zdata = 15 * np.random.random(100)
xdata = np.sin(zdata) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)
ydata = np.cos(zdata) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)
ax.scatter3D(xdata, ydata, zdata, c=zdata, cmap='Greens')

# Print chart
file_path = 'charts/3d.png'
fig.savefig(file_path, bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=0.05, transparent=True)

Answer 1

您可以生成一个矩形网格，然后使用 mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d 中的 pathpatch_2d_to_3d 函数将其插入到 3d 场景中：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d as art3d

# Create figure
plt.style.use('dark_background') # Dark theme
fig = plt.figure(frameon=False)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# Make planes transparent
ax.xaxis.pane.fill = False # Left plane
ax.yaxis.pane.fill = False # Right plane
# ax.zaxis.pane.fill = False # Horizontal plane

# Remove grid lines
ax.grid(False)

# Remove tick labels
ax.set_xticklabels([])
ax.set_yticklabels([])
ax.set_zticklabels([])

# Draw chessboard on hortizontal plane
for x_index, x in enumerate(np.arange(-1, 1.1, 0.2)):
    for y_index, y in enumerate(np.arange(-1, 1.1, 0.2)):
        if (x_index+y_index)%2:
            p = Rectangle([x,y], 0.2, 0.2)
            ax.add_patch(p)
            art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p, z=0, zdir="z")

ax.set(xlim=(-1,1.1), ylim=(-1,1.2), zlim=(0,15))

# Random data to illustrate
zdata = 15 * np.random.random(100)
xdata = np.sin(zdata) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)
ydata = np.cos(zdata) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)
ax.scatter3D(xdata, ydata, zdata, c=zdata, cmap='Greens')

# Print chart
file_path = 'charts/3d.png'
fig.savefig(file_path, bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=0.05, transparent=True)

---

编辑：更干净的版本

RECT_SIZE_X = 0.2
RECT_SIZE_Y = 0.2
xlims = (-1, 1)
ylims = (-1, 1)

for x_index, x_pos in enumerate(np.arange(xlims[0], xlims[1], RECT_SIZE_X)):
    for y_index, y_pos in enumerate(np.arange(ylims[0], ylims[1], RECT_SIZE_Y)):
        if (x_index+y_index)%2:
            p = Rectangle([x_pos, y_pos], RECT_SIZE_X, RECT_SIZE_Y, color='orange')
        else:
            p = Rectangle([x_pos, y_pos], RECT_SIZE_X, RECT_SIZE_Y, color='gray')
        ax.add_patch(p)
        art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p, z=0, zdir="z")

ax.set(xlim=xlims, ylim=ylims, zlim=(0,15))
# Transparent spines
ax.w_xaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))
ax.w_yaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))
ax.w_zaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

# Transparent panes
ax.w_xaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))
ax.w_yaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))
ax.w_zaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

# No ticks
ax.set_xticks([]) 
ax.set_yticks([]) 
ax.set_zticks([])