为什么 nodejs 可能找不到“require”？

Question

我使用的是 Win 10。我有一个已经存在几个月的 VisualStudio 2019 项目。

> node -v
v14.15.4

    Note: I was running v14.15.(something less than 4) before the issue below.

> npm -v
6.14.10

> gulp -v
CLI version: 2.3.0
Local version: 4.0.2

我在大约一天前发现了一个 nodejs 问题。我有一个正在进行的项目，并决定更新我的 package.json 文件中的依赖项。我跑了npm update，有几个包确实发生了变化。我有一个 gulpfile，它一直在为项目的生命周期工作，所以运行它但得到了

> gulp
ReferenceError: require is not defined
    at file:///H:/Group_Projects/MyProject/MyProject/gulpfile.js:1:12
    at ModuleJob.run (internal/modules/esm/module_job.js:152:23)
    at async Loader.import (internal/modules/esm/loader.js:166:24)

gulpfile 看起来像：

var gulp = require("gulp");
var gclean = require("gulp-clean");

var paths = {
    node: "./node_modules/",
    lib: "./wwwroot/lib/"
};

var packages = {
    "bootstrap": {
        src: paths.node + "bootstrap/dist/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "bootstrap"
    },
    "tempusdominus-core": {
        src: paths.node + "tempusdominus-core/build/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "tempusdominus"
    },
    "tempusdominus-bootstrap-4": {
        src: paths.node + "tempusdominus-bootstrap-4/build/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "tempusdominus"
    },
    "jquery": {
        src: paths.node + "jquery/dist/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "jquery"
    },
    "jquery-validation": {
        src: paths.node + "jquery-validation/dist/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "jquery-validation"
    },
    "jquery-validation-unobtrusive": {
        src: paths.node + "jquery-validation-unobtrusive/dist/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "jquery-validation-unobtrusive"
    },
    "moment": {
        src: paths.node + "moment/min/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "moment"
    },
    "moment-timezone": {
        src: paths.node + "moment-timezone/builds/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "moment-timezone"
    },
    "popper.js": {
        src: paths.node + "@popperjs/core/dist/umd/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "popper.js"
    },
    "js-cookie": {
        src: paths.node + "js-cookie/src/*",
        dest: paths.lib + "js-cookie"
    },
    "fullcalendar": {
        src: paths.node + "@fullcalendar/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "fullcalendar"
    },
    "fontawesomeJS": {
        src: paths.node + "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free/js/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "fontawesome"
    },
    "fontawesomeCSS": {
        src: paths.node + "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free/css/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "fontawesome"
    },
    "luxon": {
        src: paths.node + "luxon/build/global/**",
        dest: paths.lib + "luxon"
    }
};

function clean() {
    return gulp.src(paths.lib + "*", { read: false })
        .pipe(gclean());
}

function build() {
    const merge = require("merge-stream")();

    for (let item in packages) {
        if (packages.hasOwnProperty(item)) {
            console.log(item);
            console.dir(packages[item]);

            merge.add(
                gulp.src(packages[item].src)
                .pipe(gulp.dest(packages[item].dest))
            );
        }
    }

    return merge.isEmpty() ? null : merge;
}

exports.build = build;
exports.clean = clean;
exports.default = gulp.series(clean, build);

我用谷歌搜索，但只看到有人说节点是浏览器的东西......但我已经在 cmd 终端中手动运行了几个月。

我尝试过的是将节点升级到最新版本。没有帮助。

我通过节点运行 gulpfile：

> node gulpfile.js
file:///H:/Group_Projects/MyProject/MyProject/gulpfile.js:1
var gulp = require("gulp");
           ^

ReferenceError: require is not defined
    at file:///H:/Group_Projects/MyProject/MyProject/gulpfile.js:1:12
    at ModuleJob.run (internal/modules/esm/module_job.js:152:23)
    at async Loader.import (internal/modules/esm/loader.js:166:24)
    at async Object.loadESM (internal/process/esm_loader.js:68:5)

还有什么我应该尝试的吗？

Answer 1

感谢@PiRocks，我发现我有一个type: "Module" line in my package.json` 文件。删除它解决了我的问题。我不记得把它放在那里但是......